Evolution of a Novel Appendage Ground Plan in Water Striders Is Driven by Changes in the Hox Gene Ultrabithorax 英文参考文献.docVIP

EvolutionofaNovelAppendageGroundPlaninWater StridersIsDrivenbyChangesintheHoxGene Ultrabithorax AbderrahmanKhila1,2,EhabAbouheif1,LockeRowe2* 1DepartmentofBiology,McGillUniversity,Montreal,Quebec,Canada,2DepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada Abstract Waterstriders,agroupofsemi-aquaticbugsadaptedtolifeonthewatersurface,haveevolvedmid-legs(L2)thatarelong relativetotheirhind-legs(L3).Thisnovelappendagegroundplanisaderivedfeatureamonginsects,whereL2functionas oarsandL3asrudders.TheHoxgeneUltrabithorax(Ubx)isknowntoincreaseappendagesizeinavarietyofinsects.Using geneexpressionandRNAianalysis,wediscoveredthatUbxisexpressedinbothL2andL3,butUbxfunctionstoelongateL2 and to shorten L3 in the water strider Gerris buenoi. Therefore, within hemimetabolous insects, Ubx has evolved a new expression domain but maintained its ancestral elongating function in L2, whereas Ubx has maintained its ancestral expressiondomainbutevolvedanewshorteningfunctioninL3.ThesechangesinUbxexpressionandfunctionmayhave beenakeyeventintheevolutionofthedistinctappendagegroundplaninwaterstriders. Citation: Khila A, Abouheif E, Rowe L (2009) Evolution of a Novel Appendage Ground Plan in Water Striders Is Driven by Changes in the Hox Gene Ultrabithorax.PLoSGenet5(7):e1000583.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000583 Editor:DavidL.Stern,PrincetonUniversity,HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedMarch24,2009;AcceptedJuly1,2009;PublishedJuly31,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Khila et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding: This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC; http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/) Steacie grant to LR and NSERCDiscoverygrantstoLRandEA.Thefundershadnoroleinstudydesign,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,or