Evolutionary Changes in the Complexity of the Tectum of Nontetrapods A Cladistic Approach 英文参考文献.docVIP

EvolutionaryChangesintheComplexityoftheTectumof Nontetrapods:ACladisticApproach CaioMaximino* LaboratoryofPsychobiologyandExperimentalPsychopatology,DepartmentofPsychology,UniversidadeEstadualPaulista,Bauru,Brazil Abstract Background: The tectum is a structure localized in the roof of the midbrain in vertebrates, and is taken to be highly conserved in evolution. The present article assessed three hypotheses concerning the evolution of lamination and citoarchitectureofthetectumofnontetrapodanimals:1)Thereisasignificantdegreeofphylogeneticinertiainbothtraits studied (number of cellular layers and number of cell classes in tectum); 2) Both traits are positively correlated accross evolutionaftercorrectionforphylogeny;and3)Differentdevelopmentalpathwaysshouldgeneratedifferentpatternsof laminationandcytoarchitecture. Methodology/Principal Findings: The hypotheses were tested using analytical-computational tools for phylogenetic hypothesistesting.Bothtraitspresentedaconsiderablylargephylogeneticsignalandwerepositivelyassociated.However, nodifferencewasfoundbetweentwocladesclassifiedasperthegeneraldevelopmentalpathwaysoftheirbrains. Conclusions/Significance: The evidence amassed points to more variation in the tectum than would be expected by phylogenyinthreespeciesfromthetaxaanalysed;thisvariationisnotbetterexplainedbydifferencesinthemaincourseof development, as would be predicted by the developmental clade hypothesis. Those findings shed new light on the evolutionofanfunctionallyimportantstructureinnontetrapods,themostbasalradiationsofvertebrates. Citation:MaximinoC(2008)EvolutionaryChangesintheComplexityoftheTectumofNontetrapods:ACladisticApproach.PLoSONE3(10):e3582.doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0003582 Editor:DaphneSoares,UniversityofMaryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedMay13,2008;AcceptedOctober6,2008;PublishedOctober30,2008 Copyright: ? 2008 Maximino. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits