Facial Expressions of Threat Influence Perceived Gaze Direction in 8 Year-Olds 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Facial Expressions of Threat Influence Perceived Gaze Direction in 8 Year-Olds 英文参考文献.doc

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Facial Expressions of Threat Influence Perceived Gaze Direction in 8 Year-Olds 英文参考文献

FacialExpressionsofThreatInfluencePerceivedGaze Directionin8Year-Olds GillianRhodes1*,BrookeAddison1,LindaJeffery1,MichaelEwbank2,AndrewJ.Calder1,2 1ARCCentreofExcellenceinCognitionanditsDisorders,SchoolofPsychology,UniversityofWesternAustralia,Crawley,WesternAustralia,Australia,2MRCCognition andBrainSciencesUnit,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom Abstract Adultsshowreciprocalinfluencesbetweentheperceptionofgazedirectionandemotionalexpression.Thesefacilitatethe understandingoffacialsignals,becausethemeaningofonecuecanvaryconsiderablydependingonthevalueoftheother. Hereweaskwhetherchildrenshowsimilarreciprocalinfluencesintheperceptionofgazeandexpression.Apreviousstudy hasdemonstratedthatgazedirectionaffectstheperceptionofemotionalexpressioninchildren.Herewedemonstratethe oppositedirectionofinfluence,showingthatexpressionaffectstheperceptionofgazedirection.Specifically,weshowthat theconeofgaze,i.e.,rangeofgazedeviationsperceivedasdirect,islargerforangrythanneutralorfearfulfacesin8year- old children. Therefore, we conclude that children, like adults, show reciprocal influences in the perception of gaze and expression.Anunexpectedfindingwasthat,comparedwithadults,childrenshowedlargereffectsofexpressionongaze perception.Thisfindingraisesthepossibilitythatitistheabilitytoprocesscuesindependently,ratherthansensitivityto combinations,thatmaturesduringdevelopment.Alternatively,childrenmaybeparticularlysensitivetoangerinadultfaces. Citation: Rhodes G, Addison B, Jeffery L, Ewbank M, Calder AJ (2012) Facial Expressions of Threat Influence Perceived Gaze Direction in 8 Year-Olds. PLoS ONE7(11):e49317.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049317 Editor:Hong-jinSun,McMasterUniversity,Canada ReceivedMay10,2012;AcceptedOctober7,2012;PublishedNovember14,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Rhodes et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredite