Falling towards Forgetfulness Synaptic Decay Prevents Spontaneous Recovery of Memory 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Falling towards Forgetfulness Synaptic Decay Prevents Spontaneous Recovery of Memory 英文参考文献.doc

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Falling towards Forgetfulness Synaptic Decay Prevents Spontaneous Recovery of Memory 英文参考文献

FallingtowardsForgetfulness:SynapticDecayPrevents SpontaneousRecoveryofMemory JamesV.Stone1*,PeterE.Jupp2 1PsychologyDepartment,SheffieldUniversity,Sheffield,UnitedKingdom,2SchoolofMathematicsandStatistics,UniversityofStAndrews,StAndrews,UnitedKingdom Abstract Long afteranewlanguage hasbeenlearned andforgotten,relearning afewwords seemstotrigger therecallof other words. This ‘‘free-lunch learning’’ (FLL) effect has been demonstrated both in humans and in neural network models. Specifically,previousworkprovedthatlinearnetworksthatlearnasetofassociations,thenpartiallyforgetthemall,and finally relearn some of the associations, show improved performance on the remaining (i.e., nonrelearned) associations. Here,weprovethatrelearningforgottenassociationsdecreasesperformanceonnonrelearnedassociations;aneffectwecall negativefree-lunch learning. Thedifferencebetweenfree-lunch learning andthenegativefree-lunch learning presented hereisduetotheparticularmethodusedtoinduceforgetting.Specifically,ifforgettingisinducedbyisotropicdriftingof weightvectors(i.e.,byaddingisotropicnoise),thenfree-lunchlearningisobserved.However,asprovedhere,ifforgettingis induced by weight values that simply decay or fall towards zero, then negative free-lunch learning is observed. From a biological perspective, and assuming that nervous systems are analogous to the networks used here, this suggests that evolutionmayhaveselectedphysiologicalmechanismsthatinvolveforgettingusingaformofsynapticdriftratherthan synapticdecay,becausesynapticdrift,butnotsynapticdecay,yieldsfree-lunchlearning. Citation:StoneJV,JuppPE(2008)FallingtowardsForgetfulness:SynapticDecayPreventsSpontaneousRecoveryofMemory.PLoSComputBiol4(8):e1000143. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000143 Editor:KarlJ.Friston,UniversityCollegeLondon,UnitedKingdom ReceivedDecember7,2007;AcceptedJune25,2008;PublishedAugust22,2008 Copyright: ? 2008 Stone, Jupp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attributi