Food Webs in the Human Body Linking Ecological Theory to Viral Dynamics 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Food Webs in the Human Body Linking Ecological Theory to Viral Dynamics 英文参考文献.doc

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Food Webs in the Human Body Linking Ecological Theory to Viral Dynamics 英文参考文献

FoodWebsintheHumanBody:LinkingEcological TheorytoViralDynamics CarmenL?′aMurall1,2*,KevinS.McCann1,ChrisT.Bauch2 1DepartmentofIntegrativeBiology,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,Ontario,Canada,2DepartmentofMathematicsandStatistics,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,Ontario, Canada Abstract Thedynamicsofin-hostinfectionsarecentraltopredictingtheprogressionofnaturalinfectionsandtheeffectivenessof drugsorvaccines,however,theyarenotwellunderstood.Here,weapplyfoodwebtheorytoin-hostdiseasenetworksof the human body that are structured similarly to food web models that treat both predation and competition simultaneously. We show that in-host trade-offs, an under-studied aspect of disease ecology, are fundamental to understandingtheoutcomesofcompetingviralstrainsunderdifferentialimmuneresponses.Further,andimportantly,our analysisshowsthattheoutcomeofcompetitionbetweenvirulentandnon-virulentstrainscanbehighlycontingentonthe abiotic conditions prevailing in the human body. These results suggest the alarming idea that even subtle behavioral changesthatalterthehumanbody(e.g.weightgain,smoking)mayswitchtheenvironmentalconditionsinamannerthat suddenlyallowsavirulentstraintodominateandreplacelessvirulentstrains.Theseecologicalresultsthereforecastnew lightonthecontrolofdiseaseinthehumanbody,andhighlighttheimportanceoflongitudinalempiricalstudiesacross hostvariationgradients,aswellas,ofstudiesfocusedondelineatinglifehistorytrade-offswithinhosts. Citation: Murall CL, McCann KS, Bauch CT (2012) Food Webs in the Human Body: Linking Ecological Theory to Viral Dynamics. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48812. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048812 Editor:TamaraNatashaRomanuk,DalhousieUniversity,Canada ReceivedJune13,2012;AcceptedOctober5,2012;PublishedNovember14,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Murall et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding