Frequent Beneficial Mutations during Single-Colony Serial Transfer of Streptococcus pneumoniae 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Frequent Beneficial Mutations during Single-Colony Serial Transfer of Streptococcus pneumoniae 英文参考文献.doc

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Frequent Beneficial Mutations during Single-Colony Serial Transfer of Streptococcus pneumoniae 英文参考文献

FrequentBeneficialMutationsduringSingle-Colony SerialTransferofStreptococcuspneumoniae KathleenE.Stevens1,MichaelE.Sebert2* 1Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaandUniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Theappearanceofnewmutationswithinapopulationprovidestherawmaterialforevolution.Theconsistentdeclinein fitnessobservedinclassicalmutationaccumulationstudieshasprovidedsupportforthelong-heldviewthatdeleterious mutationsaremorecommonthanbeneficialmutations.Herewepresentresultsofastudyusingamutationaccumulation designwiththebacteriumStreptococcuspneumoniaeinwhichthefitnessofthederivedpopulationsincreased.Thisrisein fitnesswasassociatedspecificallywithadaptationtosurvivalduringbriefstationaryphaseperiodsbetweensingle-colony population bottlenecks. To understand better the population dynamics behind this unanticipated adaptation, we developedamaximumlikelihoodmodeldescribingtheprocessesofmutationandstationary-phaseselectioninthecontext offrequentpopulationbottlenecks.Usingthismodel,weestimatethattherateofbeneficialmutationsmaybeashighas 4.861024 events per genome for each time interval corresponding to the pneumococcal generation time. This rate is severalordersofmagnitudehigherthanearlierestimatesofbeneficialmutationratesinbacteriabutsupportsrecentresults obtainedthroughthepropagationofsmallpopulationsofEscherichiacoli.Ourfindingsindicatethatbeneficialmutations may be relatively frequent in bacteria and suggest that in S. pneumoniae, which develops natural competence for transformation,asteadysupplyofsuchmutationsmaybeavailableforsamplingbyrecombination. Citation: Stevens KE, Sebert ME (2011) Frequent Beneficial Mutations during Single-Colony Serial Transfer of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS Genet 7(8): e1002232.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002232 Editor:IvanMatic,Universite′ ParisDescartes,INSER