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Functional Classification Using Phylogenomic Inference 英文参考文献
Education
FunctionalClassification
UsingPhylogenomicInference
Duncan Brown, Kimmen Sjo¨lander*
functionssimplyduetotheirpresenceinverydivergently
relatedspecies.
P
hylogenomicinferenceofprotein(orgene)function
attemptstoaddressthequestion,‘‘Whatfunctiondoes
thisproteinperform?’’inanevolutionarycontext.As
Phylogenomicanalysis,properlyapplied,avoidsthese
errorsandprovidesamechanismfordetectingexisting
databaseannotationerrors[3,7].Whythenisphylogenomic
inferencenotusedmorewidely?Webelievethisisduetofour
reasons.First,theactualfrequencyofannotationerrorisnot
known,sothegravityofthesituationisnotrecognized.
Second,phylogenomicinferenceisamuchmorecomplicated
endeavorthanasimpledatabasesearchandrequires
signi?cantlymoreexpertiseandcomputingresources.Itis
thereforenoteasilyappliedatthegenomescale.Third,
millionsofdollarsandyearsofefforthavebeenpouredinto
developingcomputationalannotationsystemsthatdepend
onannotationtransferfromtopdatabasehits,perhaps
overlaidwithdomainpredictionmethodssuchasPFAMor
theNCBICDD[11,12].Fourth,phylogenomicapproachesto
proteinfunctionpredictionhavearisenonlyinthelastfew
years,whiledatabasesearchmethodshavebeenavailablefor
muchlonger.Revolutionsdonotnormallytakeplace
overnight.Thesefourreasonsresultinphylogenomic
inferencebeingappliedonaone-offbasis,forafewprotein
superfamilieshereandthere.
originallyoutlinedbyJonathanEisen[1–3],phylogenomic
inferenceofproteinfunctionisamultistepprocessinvolving
selectionofhomologs,multiplesequencealignment(MSA),
andphylogenetictreeconstruction;overlayingannotations
onthetreetopology;discriminatingbetweenorthologsand
paralogs;and—?nally—inferringthefunctionofaprotein
basedontheorthologsidenti?edbythisprocessandthe
annotationsretrieved.Figure1showsanexampleofusing
annotatedsubfamilygroupingstoinferfunction,inamanner
similarto[1].Oneofus,whileatCeleraGenomics,separately
cameupwithasimilarapproachforthefunctional
classi?cationofthehumangenome[4],basedonthe
automatedidenti?cationoffunctionalsubfamiliesusingthe
SCI
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