Gametogenesis and Auxospore Development in Actinocyclus (Bacillariophyta) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Gametogenesis and Auxospore Development in Actinocyclus (Bacillariophyta) 英文参考文献.doc

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Gametogenesis and Auxospore Development in Actinocyclus (Bacillariophyta) 英文参考文献

GametogenesisandAuxosporeDevelopmentin Actinocyclus(Bacillariophyta) MasahikoIdei1*,KeigoOsada2,ShinyaSato3,KensukeToyoda4,TamotsuNagumo5,DavidG.Mann3 1DepartmentofBiology,BunkyoUniversity,Saitama,Japan,2DepartmentofBiology,TheNipponDentalUniversitySchoolofLifeDentistryatNiigata,Niigata,Japan, 3RoyalBotanicGardenEdinburgh,Edinburgh,UnitedKingdom,4DepartmentofBiology,KeioUniversity,Kanagawa,Japan,5DepartmentofBiology,TheNipponDental University,Tokyo,Japan Abstract cGametogenesisandauxosporedevelopmenthavebeenstudiedindetailinsurprisinglyfewcentricdiatoms.Westudied thedevelopmentofsperm,eggsandauxosporesinActinocyclussp.,aradiallysymmetricalfreshwaterdiatomcollectedfrom Japan,usingLMandelectronmicroscopyoflivingculturesandthinsections.Actinocyclusrepresentsadeepbranchofthe ‘radialcentric’diatomsandshouldthereforecontributeusefulinsightsintotheevolutionofsexualreproductionindiatoms. SpermatogenesiswasexaminedbyLMandSEMandinvolvedtheformationoftwospermatogonia(spermmother-cells)in eachspermatogonangiumthroughanequalmitoticdivision.Thespermatogoniaproducedareduced‘lid’valve,resembling a large flat scale with irregular radial thickenings. Sperm formation was merogenous, producing four sperm per spermatogonium, which were released by dehiscence of the ‘lid’ valve. The sperm were spindle-shaped with numerous surfaceglobulesand,asusualfordiatoms,thesingleanteriorflagellumboremastigonemes.Oneeggcellwasproducedper oogonium. Immature eggs produced a thin layer of circular silica scales before fertilization, while the eggs were still containedwithintheoogonium.Spermwereattractedinlargenumberstoeacheggandwereapparentlyabletocontact the egg surface via a gap formed between the long hypotheca and shorter epitheca of the oogonium and a small underlyingholeinthescale-case.Auxosporesexpandedisodiametricallyandmanynewscaleswereaddedtoitsenvelope during expansion. Finally, new slightly-domed initial valves were produced at right angles to the oogonium axis, after a strong contraction