Health and Human Rights Concerns of Drug Users in Detention in Guangxi Province, China 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Health and Human Rights Concerns of Drug Users in Detention in Guangxi Province, China 英文参考文献.doc

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Health and Human Rights Concerns of Drug Users in Detention in Guangxi Province, China 英文参考文献

o PL SMEDICINE HealthandHumanRightsConcernsofDrug UsersinDetentioninGuangxiProvince,China J.Elizabeth Cohen1,Joseph J.Amon2* 1IndependentConsultant,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2HIV/AIDSProgram,HumanRightsWatch,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica Funding:Thisresearchwas ABSTRACT supportedbyHumanRightsWatch, anindependent,nongovernmental organization.Nospecificfundswere soughtfortheresearchandno fundingsourceshadinfluenceon thestudydesign,datacollectionand analysis,decisiontopublish,or preparationofthemanuscript. HumanRightsWatchacceptsno governmentfunds. Background Althoughconfinementindrugdetoxification(‘‘detox’’)andre-educationthroughlabor(RTL) centersisthemostcommonformoftreatmentfordrugdependenceinChina,littlehasbeen publishedabouttheexperienceofdrugusersinsuchsettings.Weconductedanassessmentof theimpactofdetentionondrugusers’accesstoHIVpreventionandtreatmentservicesand consequentthreatstofundamentalhumanrightsprotections. CompetingInterests:Theauthors havedeclaredthatnocompeting interestsexist. MethodsandFindings AcademicEditor:SteveKoester, UniversityofColorado,UnitedStates ofAmerica ChinesegovernmentHIVandanti-narcoticslegislationandpolicydocumentswerereviewed, andin-depthandkeyinformantinterviewswereconductedwith19injectiondrugusers(IDUs) and20governmentandnongovernmentalorganizationofficialsinNanningandBaise,Guangxi Province.SignificantcontradictionswerefoundinHIVandantinarcoticspolicies,exemplifiedby the simultaneous expansion of community-based methadone maintenance therapy and the increasing number of drug users detained in detox and RTL center facilities. IDU study participants reported, on average, having used drugs for 14 y (range 8–23 y) and had been confinedtodetoxfourtimes(rangeonetoeighttimes)andtoRTLcentersonce(rangezeroto three times). IDUs expressed an intense fear of being recognized by the police and being detained, regardless ofcurrent drug use. Key informantsandIDUs reported that routine HIV testing,withoutconsentandwithoutdis