PROGRAMMINGLANGUAGES课件.ppt

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 1.Input/output instructions. 2.Calculation instructions. 3.Logic/comparison instructions. 4.Storage/retrieval and movement instructions. Assembly Languages Assembly language is developed in the early 1950s. Assembly language uses a mnemonic to represent each low-level machine instruction or operation. Typical operations require one or more operands in order to form a complete instruction, and most assemblers can therefore take labels, symbols and expressions as operands to represent addresses and other constants, freeing the programmer from tedious manual calculations. The characteristics of Assembly Languages 1.Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture. 2.An assembly source program must be converted into machine code by an assembler before it is executed. 3.Assembly programs are easier for people to modify than machine-language programs. High-Level Languages A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or may automate significant areas of computing systems, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable relative to a lower-level language. High-Level Languages The first really widespread high-level language was Fortran, a machine independent development of IBMs earlier Autocode systems. Examples of popular high-level programming languages today may C++, C, Java, Python, Visual Basic, Delphi, Perl, PHP, ECMA Script, Ruby and many others. The advantages of High-Level Languages 1.They are easier to learn than assembly languages. 2.They require less time to write. 3.They provide better documentation. 4.They are easier to maintain. 5.A programmer skilled in writing programs in such a language is not restricted to using a single type of machine. Thank you!