Marine Biodiversity in South Africa An Evaluation of Current States of Knowledge 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Marine Biodiversity in South Africa An Evaluation of Current States of Knowledge 英文参考文献.doc

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Marine Biodiversity in South Africa An Evaluation of Current States of Knowledge 英文参考文献

Review MarineBiodiversityinSouthAfrica:AnEvaluationof CurrentStatesofKnowledge CharlesL.Griffiths1,2*,TamaraB.Robinson1,LouiseLange1,AngelaMead1 1Zoology Department, Marine Biology Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa, 2Zoology Department, Centre for Invasion Biology, UniversityofCapeTown,Rondebosch,SouthAfrica ContinentalSouthAfricahasacoastlineofsome3,650kmand an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of just over 1 million km2. WatersintheEEZextendtoadepthof5,700m,withmorethan 65% deeper than 2,000m. Despite its status as a developing nation, South Africa has a relatively strong history of marine taxonomic research and maintains comprehensive and well- curated museum collections totaling over 291,000 records. Over 3millionlocalityrecordsfrommorethan23,000specieshavebeen lodged in the regional AfrOBIS (African Ocean Biogeographic InformationSystem)datacenter(whichstoresdatafromawider Africanregion).Alargenumberofregionalguidestothemarine faunaandfloraarealsoavailableandarelisted. west(Atlanticcoast)andespeciallytothesouth,whereitextendsinto thelarge,shallowAgulhasBank.ThedepthdistributionoftheSouth AfricanEEZisdepictedinFigure3.Onlysome25%oftheseafloor liesindepthsshallowerthan1,000m,withthelargestsingle100m depthstratumbeing100–200m,whichalonecomprises10%ofthe entireEEZ.Depthsgreaterthan2,000mmakeup65%oftheEEZ, andthisregionhasbeensubjecttoextremelylittlebiologicalsampling (seebelow). Oceanographicregime The oceanographic regime around South Africa is dominated by two major current systems: the cold Benguela Current along theAtlanticcoasttothewestandthewarmAgulhasCurrentalong theIndianOceancoasttotheeast.TheBenguelaCurrenthastwo components. An offshore oceanic flow forms the eastern limb of ThecurrentlyrecordedmarinebiotaofSouthAfricanumbers atleast12,914species,althoughmanytaxa,particularlythoseof small body size, remain poorly documented. The coastal zone is relatively well sampled with some 2,500 samples of benthic invertebrate communit