Medico-Legal Findings, Legal Case Progression, and Outcomes in South African Rape Cases Retrospective Review 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Medico-Legal Findings, Legal Case Progression, and Outcomes in South African Rape Cases Retrospective Review 英文参考文献.doc

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Medico-Legal Findings, Legal Case Progression, and Outcomes in South African Rape Cases Retrospective Review 英文参考文献

Medico-LegalFindings,LegalCaseProgression,and OutcomesinSouthAfricanRapeCases:Retrospective Review RachelJewkes1,2*,NicolaChristofides2,LisaVetten3,RuxanaJina2,RomiSigsworth4,LizleLoots1 1GenderandHealthResearchUnit,MedicalResearchCouncil,Pretoria,SouthAfrica, 2SchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,Johannesburg,South Africa,3TshwaranangLegalAdvocacyCentre,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica,4CentrefortheStudyofViolenceandReconciliation,Johannesburg,SouthAfrica Abstract Background: Health services for victims of rape are recognised as a particularly neglected area of the health sector internationally.Effortstostrengthentheseservicesneedtobeguidedbyclinicalresearch.Expertmedicalevidenceiswidely usedinrapecases,butitscontributiontotheprogressoflegalcasesisunclear.Onlythreestudieshavefoundanassociation betweendocumentedbodilyinjuriesandconvictionsinrapecases.Thisarticleaimstodescribetheprocessingofrapecases by South African police and courts, and the association between documented injuries and DNA and case progression throughthecriminaljusticesystem. MethodsandFindings:Weanalysedaprovinciallyrepresentativesampleof2,068attemptedandcompletedrapecases reportedto70randomlyselectedGautengprovincepolicestationsin2003.Datasheetswerecompletedfromthepolice docketsandavailablemedicalexaminationformswerecopied.1,547casesofrapehadmedicalexaminationsandavailable forms and were analysed, which was at least 85% of the proportion of the sample having a medical examination. We presentlogisticregressionmodelsoftheassociationbetweenwhetheratrialstartedandwhethertheaccusedwasfound guiltyandthemedico-legalfindingsforadultandchildrapes.Halfthesuspectswerearrested(n=771),14%(209)ofcases wenttotrial,andin3%(31)ofadultsand7%(44)ofchildrentherewasaconviction.AreportonDNAwasavailablein1.4% (22) of cases, but the presence or absence of injuries were documented in all cases. Documented injuries were not associatedwitharrest,buttheywereassociatedwithchildren’scases(butnotadult’s)goingtotria