Natural Variation in the VELVET Gene bcvel1 Affects Virulence and Light-Dependent Differentiation in Botrytis cinerea 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Natural Variation in the VELVET Gene bcvel1 Affects Virulence and Light-Dependent Differentiation in Botrytis cinerea 英文参考文献.doc

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Natural Variation in the VELVET Gene bcvel1 Affects Virulence and Light-Dependent Differentiation in Botrytis cinerea 英文参考文献

NaturalVariationintheVELVETGenebcvel1Affects VirulenceandLight-DependentDifferentiationin Botrytiscinerea JuliaSchumacher1,Jean-MarcPradier2,AdelineSimon2,StefanieTraeger1,JavierMoraga3 ,Isidro Gonza′lezCollado3,MurielViaud2*,BettinaTudzynski1* 1Institutfu¨rBiologieundBiotechnologiederPflanzen(IBBP),Westfa¨lische Wilhelms-Universita¨t Mu¨nster,Mu¨nster,Germany,2INRA,BIOGER,Grignon,France,3Organic ChemistryDepartment,Ca′diz University,PuertoReal,Ca′diz, Spain Abstract Botrytis cinerea is an aggressive plant pathogen causing gray mold disease on various plant species. In this study, we identifiedthegeneticoriginforsignificantlydifferingphenotypesofthetwosequencedB.cinereaisolates,B05.10andT4, with regard to light-dependent differentiation, oxalic acid (OA) formation and virulence. By conducting a map-based cloningapproachweidentifiedasinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)inanopenreadingframeencodingaVELVETgene (bcvel1).TheSNPinisolateT4resultsinatruncatedproteinthatispredominantlyfoundinthecytosolincontrasttothefull- lengthproteinofisolateB05.10thataccumulatesinthenuclei.Deletionofthefull-lengthgeneinB05.10resultedintheT4 phenotype,namelylight-independentconidiation,lossofsclerotialdevelopmentandoxalicacidproduction,andreduced virulenceonseveralhostplants.ThesefindingsindicatethattheidentifiedSNPrepresentsaloss-of-functionmutationof bcvel1.Inaccordance,theexpressionoftheB05.10copyinT4rescuedthewild-type/B05.10phenotype.BcVEL1iscrucialfor full virulence as deletion mutants are significantly hampered in killing and decomposing plant tissues. However, the productionofthetwobestknownsecondarymetabolites,thephytotoxinsbotcinicacidandbotrydial,arenotaffectedby thedeletionofbcvel1indicatingthatotherfactorsareresponsibleforreducedvirulence.Genome-wideexpressionanalyses of B05.10- and Dbcvel1-infected plant material revealed a number of genes differentially expressed in the mutant: while severalprotease-encodinggenesareunder-expressedinDbcvel1comparedtothewildtype,thegroupo