Neutrality and Robustness in Evo-Devo Emergence of Lateral Inhibition 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Neutrality and Robustness in Evo-Devo Emergence of Lateral Inhibition 英文参考文献.doc

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Neutrality and Robustness in Evo-Devo Emergence of Lateral Inhibition 英文参考文献

NeutralityandRobustnessinEvo-Devo:Emergenceof LateralInhibition AndreeaMunteanu1,RicardV.Sole′1,2* 1ICREA-ComplexSystemsLab,UniversitatPompeuFabra(PRBB-GRIB),Barcelona,Spain,2SantaFeInstitute,SantaFe,NewMexico,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Embryonic development is defined by the hierarchical dynamical process that translates genetic information (genotype) into aspatial gene expression pattern(phenotype) providing thepositional information for thecorrect unfolding of the organism.Thenatureandevolutionaryimplicationsofgenotype–phenotypemappingstillremainkeytopicsinevolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). We have explored here issues of neutrality, robustness, and diversity in evo-devo by meansofasimplemodelofgeneregulatorynetworks.Thesmallsizeofthesystemallowedanexhaustiveanalysisofthe entirefitnesslandscapeandtheextentofitsneutrality.Thisanalysisshowsthatevolutionleadstoaclassofrobustgenetic networkswithanexpressionpatterncharacteristicoflateralinhibition.Thisclassisarepertoireofdistinctimplementations ofthiskeydevelopmentalprocess,thediversityofwhichprovidesvaluablecluesaboutitsunderlyingcausalprinciples. Citation:MunteanuA,Sole′ RV(2008)NeutralityandRobustnessinEvo-Devo:EmergenceofLateralInhibition.PLoSComputBiol4(11):e1000226.doi:10.1371/ journal.pcbi.1000226 Editor:EdmundJ.Crampin,UniversityofAuckland,NewZealand ReceivedApril22,2008;AcceptedOctober13,2008;PublishedNovember21,2008 Copyright: ?2008 Munteanu, Sole′.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:ThisworkwassupportedbytheEU6thFrameworkprojectSYNLET(NEST043312),JamesMcDonnellFoundation,andSantaFeInstitute(wheremostof theworkwasdone). CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:ricard.sole@ Introduction RNA folding [18–20]. Here the genotype is defined by the nucleotide sequence,