New Horned Dinosaurs from Utah Provide Evidence for Intracontinental Dinosaur Endemism 英文参考文献.docVIP

NewHornedDinosaursfromUtahProvideEvidencefor IntracontinentalDinosaurEndemism ScottD.Sampson1*,MarkA.Loewen1,AndrewA.Farke2,EricM.Roberts3,CatherineA.Forster4, JoshuaA.Smith1,AlanL.Titus5 1Utah Museum of Natural History and Department ofGeology and Geophysics, University ofUtah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, 2Raymond M. Alf MuseumofPaleontology,Claremont,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalScience,JamesCookUniversity,Townsville,Queensland, Australia, 4Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D. C. United States of America, 5Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument,BureauofLandManagement,Kanab,Utah,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:DuringmuchoftheLateCretaceous,ashallow,epeiricseadividedNorthAmericaintoeasternandwestern landmasses. The western landmass, known as Laramidia, although diminutive in size, witnessed a major evolutionary radiationofdinosaurs.Otherthanhadrosaurs(duck-billeddinosaurs),themostcommondinosaurswereceratopsids(large- bodiedhorneddinosaurs),currentlyknownonlyfromLaramidiaandAsia.Remarkably,previousstudieshavepostulatedthe occurrenceoflatitudinallyarrayeddinosaur‘‘provinces,’’or‘‘biomes,’’onLaramidia.Yetthishypothesishasbeenchallenged onmultiplefrontsandhasremainedpoorlytested. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe two new, co-occurring ceratopsids from the Upper Cretaceous KaiparowitsFormationofUtahthatprovidethestrongestsupporttodateforthedinosaurprovincialismhypothesis.Both pertaintothecladeofceratopsidsknownasChasmosaurinae,dramaticallyincreasingrepresentationofthisgroupfromthe southern portion of the Western Interior Basin of North America. Utahceratops gettyi gen. et sp. nov.—characterized by short, rounded, laterally projecting supraorbital horncores and an elongate frill with a deep median embayment—is recovered as the sister taxon to Pentaceratops sternbergii from the late Campanian of New Mexico. Kosmoceratops richardsonigen.etsp.nov.