On the Measurement of Movement Difficulty in the Standard Approach to Fitts Law 英文参考文献.docVIP

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On the Measurement of Movement Difficulty in the Standard Approach to Fitts Law 英文参考文献.doc

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On the Measurement of Movement Difficulty in the Standard Approach to Fitts Law 英文参考文献

OntheMeasurementofMovementDifficultyinthe StandardApproachtoFitts’Law YvesGuiard*,HallaB.Olafsdottir Laboratoiredetraitementetdecommunicationdel’information,CNRS,TelecomParisTech,Paris,France Abstract Fitts’lawisanempiricalruleofthumbwhichpredictsthetimeittakespeople,undertimepressure,toreachwithsome pointeratargetofwidthWlocatedatadistanceD.Ithasbeentraditionallyassumedthatthepredictorofmovementtime mustbesomemathematicaltransformofthequotientofD/W,calledtheindexofdifficulty(ID)ofthemovementtask.We askaboutthescaleofmeasurementinvolvedinthisindependentvariable.Weshowthatbecausethereisnosuchthingasa zero-difficultymovement, theIDs oftheliteraturerun onnon-ratio scales ofmeasurement. Onenotableconsequenceis that,contrarytoawidespreadbelief,thevalueofthey-interceptofFitts’lawisuninterpretable.Toimprovethetraditional Fittsparadigm,wesuggestgroundingdifficultyonrelativetargettoleranceW/D,whichhasaphysicalzero,unlikerelative targetdistanceD/W.Ifnoonecanexplainwhatismeantbyazero-difficultymovementtask,everyonecanunderstandwhat ismeantbyatargetlayoutwhoserelativetoleranceW/Diszero,andhencewhoserelativeintolerance1–W/Dis1or100%. We use the data of Fitts’ famous tapping experiment to illustrate these points. Beyond the scale of measurement issue, thereisreasontodoubtthattaskdifficultyistherightobjecttotrytomeasureinbasicresearchonFitts’law,targetlayout manipulationshavingneverprovidedusersofthetraditionalFittsparadigmwithsatisfactorycontroloverthevariationsof the speed and accuracy of movements. We advocate the trade-off paradigm, a recently proposed alternative, which is immunetothiscriticism. Citation: Guiard Y, Olafsdottir HB (2011) On the Measurement of Movement Difficulty in the Standard Approach to Fitts’ Law. PLoS ONE 6(10): e24389. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024389 Editor:PaulL.Gribble,TheUniversityofWesternOntario,Canada ReceivedApril15,2011;AcceptedAugust9,2011;PublishedOctober28,2011 Copyright:?2011Guiard,Olafsdottir.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderth