On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing a literature review 英文参考文献.docVIP

Chiropractic Osteopathy BioMedCentral Review Open Access On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: a literature review Scott C Cuthbert*1 and George J Goodheart Jr2 Address: 1Chiropractic Health Center, 255 West Abriendo Avenue, Pueblo, CO 81004, USA and 2Goodheart Zatkin Hack and Associates, 20567 Mack Avenue, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI 48236-1655, USA Email: Scott C Cuthbert* - cranialdc@; George J Goodheart - cranialdc@ * Corresponding author Published: 6 March 2007 Received: 14 February 2007 Accepted: 6 March 2007 Chiropractic Osteopathy 2007, 15:4 doi:10.1186/1746-1340-15-4 This article is available from: /content/15/1/4 ? 2007 Cuthbert and Goodheart; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Introduction observational cohort studies demonstrated good external and internal validity, and the 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were reviewed show that MMT findings were not dependent upon examiner bias. A body of basic science and clinical research has been gen- erated on the manual muscle test (MMT) since its first peer-reviewed publication in 1915. The aim of this report is to provide an historical overview, literature review, description, synthesis and critique of the reliability and validity of MMT in the evaluation of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. Conclusion The MMT employed by chiropractors, physical therapists, and neurologists was shown to be a clinically useful tool, but its ultimate scientific validation and application requires testing that employs sophisticated research mod- els in the areas of neurophysiology, biomechanics, RCTs, and statistical analysis. Methods Online resources were searched including Pubmed