On the theory of dairy cow evaluation 英文参考文献.docVIP

Appréciation de la valeur héréditaire des femelles PROBLEMS IN COW EVALUATION AND CURRENT USE OF COW INDEX REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON COW EVALUATION L. GJOL-CHRISTENSEN, A. E. Me CLINTOCK, A survey has been made by the study group of present utilization of cow indexes that considered important for efficient cow selection. Among other problems the following are consi- dered mostimportant and should therefore receive greater attention in index constructions and related research: - The aggregate genotype should be properly and equally defined for both cows and bulls when calculating the index weightings for different sources of information. - The effects of expressing yield in absolute vs. relative terms at various yield levels. - Methods of evaluating the genetic merit of the individual herds. and considering the genetic - Comparing the effects of different methods of adjustment for environmental factors including construction of herd average. - The effects of environmental correlations between the cow and her dam. - Ways of testing the efficiency of different cow index constructions. COW EVALUATION IN NORTH AMERICA U.S.D.A., A.R.S., Animal Physiology and Genetics Institute Beltsville, Md. 20705 To date, cow evaluation, both genetic and been for milk and fat While there is consi- procedure is quite sophisticated. derable variation among DHI computing centers, many dairymen on test receive routine esti- mates of the producing ability and the transmitting ability of their cows. The degree towhich this information is used appears to be the effectiveness of the extension highly dependent upon education program in the particular state. The cow index calculated by U.S.D.t!. has become Estimates of breeding values of cows for other traits are nearly nonexistent. As the eco- nomic importance of other traits is determined, procedures for obtaining data and for estimating breeding values will need to be developed. - Presently; culling guide