On the Symmetry of a Zig-Zag and an Armchair Polyhex Carbon Nanotorus 英文参考文献.docVIP

Symmetry 2009, 1, 145-152; doi:10.3390/sym1020145 OPEN ACCESS symmetry ISSN 2073-8994 /journal/symmetry Article On the Symmetry of a Zig-Zag and an Armchair Polyhex Carbon Nanotorus Morteza Yavari 1 and Ali Reza Ashrafi 2,* 1 Department of Physics Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, I. R. Iran 2 Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, I. R. Iran * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: Ashrafi@kashanu.ac.ir Received: 17 July 2009; in revised form: 13 September 2009 / Accepted: 14 September 2009 / Published: 8 October 2009 Abstract: A Euclidean graph associated with a molecule is defined by a weighted graph with adjacency matrix M = [dij], where for i≠j, dij is the Euclidean distance between the nuclei i and j. In this matrix dii can be taken as zero if all the nuclei are equivalent. Otherwise, one may introduce different weights for distinct nuclei. The aim of this paper is to compute the automorphism group of the Euclidean graph of a carbon nanotorus. We prove that this group is a semidirect product of a dihedral group by a group of order 2. Keywords: Euclidean graph; symmetry; Polyhex carbon nanotorus 1. Introduction An object is called symmetrical if some movement or operation leaves the object in a position indistinguishable from its original position. The symmetry of molecules and solids is a very powerful tool for developing and understanding of bonding and physical properties used to predict the nature of molecular orbitals. Chemists and physicists classify molecules in terms of their symmetry. It is of some value to recognize that all molecules that have the same basic ”shape” share a number of common properties. A single-wall carbon nanotube is a quasi one-dimensional high symmetric cylindrical structure, which can be visualized as the structure obtained by rolling a honeycomb