On the Selection of Transmission Range in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors2012,12,4715-4729;doi:10.3390/s120404715 OPENACCESS sensors ISSN1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article OntheSelectionofTransmissionRangeinUnderwaterAcoustic SensorNetworks MingshengGao,ChuanHengFoh*andJianfeiCai SchoolofComputerEngineering,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,639798,Singapore; E-Mails:mingsh.gao@(M.G.);asjfcai@.sg(J.C.) *Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail:aschfoh@.sg; Tel.:+65-6790-4319;Fax:+65-6792-6559. Received:2March2012;inrevisedform:5April2012/Accepted:5April2012/ Published:11April2012 Abstract: Transmission range plays an important role in the deployment of a practical underwateracousticsensornetwork(UWSN),wheresensornodesequippingwithonlybasic functions are deployed at random locations with no particular geometrical arrangements. The selection of the transmission range directly in?uences the energy ef?ciency and the network connectivity of such a random network. In this paper, we seek analytical modeling to investigate the tradeoff between the energy ef?ciency and the network connectivity through the selection of the transmission range. Our formulation offers a designguidelineforenergy-ef?cientpackettransmissionoperationgivenacertainnetwork connectivityrequirement. Keywords: underwater acoustic sensor networks; transmission range selection; energy ef?ciency;connectivity;randomnetworks 1.Introduction Typically, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSNs) consist of sensors that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given region, such as oceanographic data collection, marinepollutionmonitoring,offshoreexplorationanddisasterpreventionandtacticalsurveillance[1–3]. UWSNsthatrequiretomonitoralargegeographicalareaareoftencon?guredtooperateinamulti-hop  Sensors2012,12 4716 transmissionmode. Inotherwords,sensornodestypicallyrelyonneighboringsensornodestorelay theirtransmissionstothedefaultdestinationwhichiscommonlycalledasinkforcollectingsensordata. Sensornodesarepronetofailuresduetofoulingandcorrosionintheund