OneZoom A Fractal Explorer for the Tree of Life 英文参考文献.docVIP

CommunityPage OneZoom:AFractalExplorerfortheTreeofLife J.Rosindell1*,L.J.Harmon2 1Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom, 2Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for BioinformaticsandEvolutionaryStudies(IBEST),UniversityofIdaho,Moscow,Idaho,UnitedStatesofAmerica the equivalent of a Google Maps. (Pagein[2],June2012) Recent methods of phylogenetic tree visualizationattempttobuyextraspacein thepaperparadigm—forexample,byusing walls consisting of multiple displays (see Figure 7a in [3]). This approach is costly and does not give tree visualization capa- bilitiestothemasses,whichiswhatisreally needed. Furthermore, expensive display technology does not really solve the prob- lem—accordingtoourestimates,eventhe mostadvancedtechnology,suchasNASA’s ‘‘Hyperwall2’’ of 128 LCD displays [4], wouldnotbelargeenoughtoclearlydisplay 5,000 tip trees using conventional tech- niques. Other currently available methods make exploration of phylogenetic trees interactive,enablingtheusertoexpandor magnifypartsofthetree[5]thatmaybetoo small to see in detail at the scale of the screen.Hyperbolictreebrowsers[6,7]area goodexampleofthisandtheycandisplay large trees, but users do not find them intuitive[3]andwedon’tseetheinclusion of rich metadata as being realistically achievable. An optimal tree viewer should beableto1)handlelargemegatrees;2)be exploredinanintuitiveway;3)incorporate significantamountsofmetadata;and4)be visuallyappealingandimmersive,especially ifpublicusersareexpected.Wehaveyetto Inthismanuscript,weintroduceanew approach that solves the problem. Trees withmillionsoftips,richlyembellishedwith additionaldata,cannowbeeasilyexplored within the web browser of any modern hardware with a zooming user interface similartothatusedinGoogleMaps. WeCan’tSeetheTreesforthe Data EscapingthePaperParadigm Our knowledge of the tree of life—a phylogenetic tree summarizing the evolu- tionary relationships among all life on Ea