Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy Overcoming the Obstacles 英文参考文献.docVIP

Viruses 2010, 2, 78-106; doi:10.3390/v2010078 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy: Overcoming the Obstacles Han Hsi Wong 1, Nicholas R. Lemoine 1,2 and Yaohe Wang 1,2, * 1 Centre for Molecular Oncology and Imaging, Institute of Cancer, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; E-Mails: h.h.wong@qmul.ac.uk (H.H.W.); director@qmcr.qmul.ac.uk (N.R.L.) 2 Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: yaohe.wang@qmul.ac.uk; Tel.: +44-2078823596, Fax: +44-2078823884. Received: 28 October 2009; in revised form: 2 January 2010 / Accepted: 6 January 2010 / Published: 11 January 2010 Abstract: Targeted therapy of cancer using oncolytic viruses has generated much interest over the past few years in the light of the limited efficacy and side effects of standard cancer therapeutics for advanced disease. In 2006, the world witnessed the first government- approved oncolytic virus for the treatment of head and neck cancer. It has been known for many years that viruses have the ability to replicate in and lyse cancer cells. Although encouraging results have been demonstrated in vitro and in animal models, most oncolytic viruses have failed to impress in the clinical setting. The explanation is multifactorial, determined by the complex interactions between the tumor and its microenvironment, the virus, and the host immune response. This review focuses on discussion of the obstacles that oncolytic virotherapy faces and recent advances made to overcome them, with particular reference to adenoviruses. Keywords: oncolytic virus; adenovirus; vaccinia virus; cancer gene; host immune response  Viruses 2010, 2 79 1. Introduction Cancer is a major cause of death globally. Althoug