Positive Effects of Nonnative Invasive Phragmites australis on Larval Bullfrogs 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Positive Effects of Nonnative Invasive Phragmites australis on Larval Bullfrogs 英文参考文献
PositiveEffectsofNonnativeInvasivePhragmites
australisonLarvalBullfrogs
MaryAltaRogalski*,DavidKiernanSkelly
SchoolofForestryandEnvironmentalStudies,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Conneticut,UnitedStatesofAmerica
Abstract
Background: Nonnative Phragmites australis (common reed) is one of the most intensively researched and managed
invasiveplantspeciesintheUnitedStates,yetaswithmanyinvasivespecies,ourabilitytopredict,controlorunderstand
theconsequencesofinvasionsislimited.RapidspreadofdensePhragmitesmonocultureshaspromptedeffortstolimitits
expansion and remove existing stands. Motivation for large-scale Phragmites eradication programs includes purported
negativeimpactsonnativewildlife,aviewbasedprimarilyonobservationalresults.Wetookanexperimentalapproachto
testthisassumption,estimatingtheeffectsofnonnativePhragmitesaustralisonanativeamphibian.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Concurrent common garden and reciprocal transplant field experiments revealed
consistently strong positive influences of Phragmites on Rana catesbeiana (North American bullfrog) larval performance.
DecomposingPhragmiteslitterappearstocontributetotheeffect.
Conclusions/Significance: Positive effects of Phragmites merit further research, particularly in regions where both
Phragmites and R. catesbeiana are invasive. More broadly, the findings of this study reinforce the importance of
experimentalevaluationsoftheeffectsofbiologicalinvasiontomakeinformedconservationandrestorationdecisions.
Citation: Rogalski MA, Skelly DK (2012) Positive Effects of Nonnative Invasive Phragmites australis on Larval Bullfrogs. PLoS ONE 7(8): e44420. doi:10.1371/
journal.pone.0044420
Editor:PeterShaw,RoehamptonUniversity,UnitedKingdom
ReceivedJanuary11,2012;AcceptedAugust7,2012;PublishedAugust30,2012
Copyright: ? 2012 Rogalski, Skelly. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginal
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