Prospects of Nanotechnology in Clinical Immunodiagnostics 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2010, 10, 6535-6581; doi: 10.3390/s100706535 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Prospects of Nanotechnology in Clinical Immunodiagnostics Anees A. Ansari 1,*, Mansour Alhoshan 1,2, Mohamad S. Alsalhi 1,3 and Abdullah S. Aldwayyan 1,3 1 King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2455, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: malsalhy@ (M.S.A.); dwayyan@ (A.S.A.) 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2454, Saudi Arabia, E-Mail: alhoshanm@ 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O. Box-2455, Saudi Arabia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: aneesaansari@; Tel.: +966-1-4676838; Fax: +966-1-0545797441. Received: 30 May 2010; in revised form: 12 June 2010 / Accepted: 31 June 2010 / Published: 7 July 2010 Abstract: Nanostructured materials are promising compounds that offer new opportunities as sensing platforms for the detection of biomolecules. Having micrometer-scale length and nanometer-scale diameters, nanomaterials can be manipulated with current nanofabrication methods, as well as self-assembly techniques, to fabricate nanoscale bio-sensing devices. Nanostructured materials possess extraordinary physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and multifunctional properties. Such unique properties advocate their use as biomimetic membranes to immobilize and modify biomolecules on the surface of nanoparticles. Alignment, uniform dispersion, selective growth and diameter control are general parameters which play critical roles in the successful integration of nanostructures for the fabrication of bioelectronic sensing devices. In this review, we focus on different types and aspects of nanomaterials, including their synthesis, properties, conjugation with biomolecules and their application in