Protease inhibitor-induced nausea and vomiting is attenuated by a peripherally acting, opioid-receptor antagonist in a rat model 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Protease inhibitor-induced nausea and vomiting is attenuated by a peripherally acting, opioid-receptor antagonist in a rat model 英文参考文献.doc

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Protease inhibitor-induced nausea and vomiting is attenuated by a peripherally acting, opioid-receptor antagonist in a rat model 英文参考文献

AIDS Research and Therapy BioMedCentral Research Open Access Protease inhibitor-induced nausea and vomiting is attenuated by a peripherally acting, opioid-receptor antagonist in a rat model Chun-Su Yuan*1,2, Chong-Zhi Wang1, Sangeeta R Mehendale1, Han H Aung1, Adela Foo1 and Robert J Israel3 Address: 1Department of Anesthesia Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA, 2Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA and 3Progenics Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA Email: Chun-Su Yuan* - cyuan@; Chong-Zhi Wang - czwang@; Sangeeta R Mehendale - smehendale@; Han H Aung - haung@; Adela Foo - afoo13597@; Robert J Israel - risrael@ * Corresponding author Published: 21 August 2009 Received: 10 February 2009 Accepted: 21 August 2009 AIDS Research and Therapy 2009, 6:19 doi:10.1186/1742-6405-6-19 This article is available from: /content/6/1/19 ? 2009 Yuan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir can cause nausea and vomiting which is the most common reason for discontinuation. Rats react to nauseous and emetic stimuli by increasing their oral intake of non-nutritive substances like kaolin, known as pica behavior. In this study, we evaluated the effects of methylnaltrexone, a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist that does not affect analgesia, on ritonavir-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat pica model. Results: We observed that 24 to 48 hr after administration of oral ritonavir 20 mg/kg, kaolin consumption increased significantly in rats (P 0.01). This increase was attenuated by pretreatment with an intraperitoneal injection of meth