Prostate cancer and toxicity from critical use exemptions of methyl bromide Environmental protection helps protect against human health risks 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Prostate cancer and toxicity from critical use exemptions of methyl bromide Environmental protection helps protect against human health risks 英文参考文献.doc

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Prostate cancer and toxicity from critical use exemptions of methyl bromide Environmental protection helps protect against human health risks 英文参考文献

Prostatecancerandtoxicityfromcriticaluse exemptionsofmethylbromide:Environmental protectionhelpsprotectagainsthumanhealth risks Budniketal. Budniketal.EnvironmentalHealth2012,11:5 /content/11/1/5(27January2012) Budniketal.EnvironmentalHealth2012,11:5 /content/11/1/5 REVIEW OpenAccess Prostatecancerandtoxicityfromcriticaluse exemptionsofmethylbromide:Environmental protectionhelpsprotectagainsthumanhealthrisks LygiaTBudnik1*,StefanKloth1,MarcialVelasco-Garrido2andXaverBaur3 Abstract Background:Althoughozone-depletingmethylbromidewasdestinedforphase-outby2005,itisstillwidely appliedasaconsequenceofvariouscritical-use-exemptionsandmandatoryinternationalregulationsaimingto restrictthespreadofpestsandalienspecies(e.g.inglobalizedtransportandstorage).Thewithdrawalofmethyl bromidebecauseofitsenvironmentalriskcouldfortuitouslyhelpinthecontainmentofitshumantoxicity. Methods:Weperformedasystematicreviewoftheliterature,includinginvitrotoxicologicalandepidemiological studiesofoccupationalandcommunityexposuretothehalogenatedhydrocarbonpesticidemethylbromide.We focusedontoxic(especiallychronic)orcarcinogeniceffectsfromtheuseofmethylbromide,onbiomonitoring dataandreferencevalues.Eligibleepidemiologicalstudiesweresubjectedtometa-analysis. Results:Outofthe542peerreviewedpublicationsbetween1990-2011,wefoundonly91referringtotoxicityof methylbromideand29usingtheterm“carcinogenic”,“neoplastic”or“mutagenic”.Severalstudiesprovidenew additionaldatapertainingtothemechanisticaspectsofmethylbromidetoxicity.Fewstudieshaveperformeda detailedexposureassessmentincludingbiomonitoring.Threeevaluatedepidemiologicalstudiesassessedapossible associationbetweencancerandmethylbromide.Overall,exposuretomethylbromideisassociatedwithan increasedriskofprostatecancerOR,1.21;95%CI(0,98-1.49),P=0.076.Twoepidemiologicalstudieshaveanalyzed environmental,non-occupationalexposuretomethylbromideprovidingevidenceforitshealthrisktothegeneral public.Noneoftheepidemiologicalstudiesaddresseditsuseasafumigantinfreight