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Quantifying the mechanisms of domain gain in animal proteins 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantifying the mechanisms of domain gain in animal proteins 英文参考文献

Buljanetal.GenomeBiology2010,11:R74 /2010/11/7/R74 RESEARCH OpenAccess Quantifyingthemechanismsofdomain gaininanimalproteins MarijaBuljan*,AdamFrankish,AlexBateman Abstract Background:Proteindomainsareproteinregionsthataresharedamongdifferentproteinsandarefrequently functionallyandstructurallyindependentfromtherestoftheprotein.Noveldomaincombinationshaveamajor roleinevolutionaryinnovation.However,therelativecontributionsofthedifferentmolecularmechanismsthat underliedomaingainsinanimalsarestillunknown.Byusinganimalgenephylogenieswewereabletoidentifya setofhighconfidencedomaingaineventsandbylookingattheircodingDNAinvestigatethecausative mechanisms. Results:Hereweshowthatthemajormechanismforgainsofnewdomainsinmetazoanproteinsislikelytobe genefusionthroughjoiningofexonsfromadjacentgenes,possiblymediatedbynon-allelichomologous recombination.Retropositionandinsertionofexonsintoancestralintronsthroughintronicrecombinationare,in contrasttopreviousexpectations,onlyminorcontributorstodomaingainsandhaveaccountedforlessthan1% and10%ofhighconfidencedomaingainevents,respectively.Additionally,exonizationofpreviouslynon-coding regionsappearstobeanimportantmechanismforadditionofdisorderedsegmentstoproteins.Weobservethat geneduplicationhasprecededdomaingaininatleast80%ofthegainevents. Conclusions:Theinterplayofgeneduplicationanddomaingaindemonstratesanimportantmechanismforfast neofunctionalizationofgenes. Background molecular mechanisms that underlie gains of new Protein domains are fundamental and largely indepen- domainsinanimalshasbeenmorechallenging[3]. dentunits ofprotein structure andfunction thatoccur The question of what mechanisms underlie domain inanumberofdifferentcombinationsordomainarchi- gains is related to the question of what mechanisms tectures [1]. Most proteins have two or more domains underlie novel gene creation [3,8,9]. The recent [2] and, interestingly, more complex organisms have increased availability of animal genome and transcrip- morecomplex