Quantification of ETS exposure in hospitality workers who have never smoked 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Quantification of ETS exposure in hospitality workers who have never smoked 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantification of ETS exposure in hospitality workers who have never smoked 英文参考文献

Kolbetal.EnvironmentalHealth2010,9:49 /content/9/1/49 REVIEW OpenAccess QuantificationofETSexposureinhospitality workerswhohaveneversmoked StefanieKolb,UlrikeBrückner,DennisNowak,KatjaRadon* Abstract Background:EnvironmentalTobaccoSmoke(ETS)wasclassifiedashumancarcinogen(K1)bytheGerman ResearchCouncilin1998.Accordingtoepidemiologicalstudies,therelativeriskespeciallyforlungcancermight betwiceashighinpersonswhohaveneversmokedbutwhoareinthehighestexposurecategory,forexample hospitalityworkers.InordertoimplementtheseresultsintheGermanregulationsonoccupationalillnesses,avalid methodisneededtoretrospectivelyassessthecumulativeETSexposureinthehospitalityenvironment. Methods:Aliterature-basedreviewwascarriedouttolocateamethodthatcanbeusedfortheGerman hospitalitysector.StudiesassessingETSexposureusingbiologicalmarkers(forexampleurinarycotinine,DNA adducts)orquestionnaireswereexcluded.Biologicalmarkersarenotconsideredrelevantastheyassessexposure onlyoverthelasthours,weeksormonths.Self-reportedexposurebasedonquestionnairesalsodoesnotseem adequateformedico-legalpurposes.Therefore,retrospectiveexposureassessmentshouldbebasedon mathematicalmodelstoapproximatepastexposure. Results:ForthispurposeavalidatedmodeldevelopedbyRepaceandLowreywasconsideredappropriate.It offersthepossibilityofretrospectivelyassessingexposurewithexistingparameters(suchasenvironmental dimensions,averagenumberofsmokers,ventilationcharacteristicsanddurationofexposure).Therelativeriskof lungcancercanthenbeestimatedbasedontheindividualcumulativeexposureoftheworker. Conclusion:Inconclusion,havingadaptedittotheGermanhospitalitysector,anexistingmathematicalmodel appearstobecapableofapproximatingthecumulativeexposure.However,thelevelofuncertaintyofthese approximationshastobetakenintoaccount,especiallyfordiseaseswithalonglatencyperiodsuchaslung cancer. Background exacerbation of chronic bronchial asthma, aggravation Prior tothe implementation of the workplace smoking of chronic obstructive lung diseases or cardiova