Rabies-Specific Antibodies Measuring Surrogates of Protection against a Fatal Disease 英文参考文献.docVIP

Review Rabies-SpecificAntibodies:MeasuringSurrogatesof ProtectionagainstaFatalDisease SusanM.Moore*,CathleenA.Hanlon RabiesLaboratory,KansasStateVeterinaryDiagnosticLaboratory,KansasStateUniversity,Manhattan,Kansas,UnitedStatesofAmerica of the response, is necessary to obtain the measure or degree of rabiesimmunity. Abstract: Antibodies play a central role in prophylaxis against many infectious agents. While neutralization is a primaryfunctionofantibodies,theFc-andcomplement- dependent activities of these multifunctional proteins Initially, measurement of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA)wasperformedinvivousingthemouseneutralizationtest (MNT). Subsequently, the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test may also be critical in their ability to provide protection (RFFIT) was established as the ‘‘gold standard’’ in vitro test [1]. againstmostviruses.Protectionagainstviralpathogensin Methods for measuring rabies immunity vary with regard to the vivoiscomplex,andwhilevirusneutralization—theability humoral component measured (i.e., the Ig subclass or functional ofantibodytoinactivatevirusinfectivity,oftenmeasured invitro—isimportant,itisoftenonlyapartialcontributor in protection. The rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test activity) and performance characteristics (i.e., specificity or sensitivity), as well as the cost and complexity of the method. (RFFIT) remains the ‘‘gold standard’’ assay to measure rabies virus–neutralizing antibodies. In addition to neu- tralization, the rabies-specific antigen-binding activity of antibodies may be measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbentassays(ELISAs),aswellasotheravailable methods. For any disease, in selecting the appropriate assay(s) to use to assess antibody titers, assay validation and how they are interpreted are important consider- ations—but for a fatal disease like rabies, they are of paramount importance. The innate limitations of a one- dimensionallaboratorytestforrabiesantibodymeasure- ment, as well as th