Redistribution of Actin during Assembly and Reassembly of the Contractile Ring in Grasshopper Spermatocytes 英文参考文献.docVIP

RedistributionofActinduringAssemblyandReassembly oftheContractileRinginGrasshopperSpermatocytes G.BradleyAlsop1,2.¤,WeiChen1,2.,MargitFoss1,Kuo-FuTseng1,2,DahongZhang1,3 * 1Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America, 2Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis,Oregon,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3CenterforGenomeResearchandBiocomputing(CGRB),OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,Oregon,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Cytokinesis in animal cells requires the assembly of an actomyosin contractile ring to cleave the cell. The ring is highly dynamic; it assembles and disassembles during each cell cleavage, resulting in the recurrent redistribution of actin. To investigate this process in grasshopper spermatocytes, we mechanically manipulated the spindle to induce actin redistribution into ectopic contractile rings, around reassembled lateral spindles. To enhance visualization of actin, we foldedthespindleatitsequatortoconverttheremnantsofthepartiallyassembledringintoaconcentratedsourceofactin. Filamentsfromthedisintegratingringalignedalongreorganizingspindlemicrotubules,suggestingthattheirincorporation intothenewringwasmediatedbymicrotubules.WetrackedincorporationbyspecklingactinfilamentswithQdotsand/or labeling them with Alexa 488-phalloidin. The pattern of movement implied that actin was transported along spindle microtubules, before entering the ring. By double-labeling dividing cells, we imaged actin filaments moving along microtubulesnearthecontractilering.Together,ourfindingsindicatethatinonemechanismofactinredistribution,actin filaments are transported along spindle microtubule tracks in a plus-end–directed fashion. After reaching the spindle midzone, thefilaments could be transported laterallyto thering. Notably, actin filaments undergo a dramatic trajectory change as they enter the ring, implying the existence of a pulling force. Two other mechanisms of actin redistribution, cortical flow and d