Resolving the Evolutionary History of Campanula (Campanulaceae) in Western North America 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Resolving the Evolutionary History of Campanula (Campanulaceae) in Western North America 英文参考文献.doc

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Resolving the Evolutionary History of Campanula (Campanulaceae) in Western North America 英文参考文献

ResolvingtheEvolutionaryHistoryofCampanula (Campanulaceae)inWesternNorthAmerica BarryM.Wendling,KurtE.Galbreath,EricG.DeChaine* DepartmentofBiology,WesternWashingtonUniversity,Bellingham,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Recent phylogenetic works have begun to address long-standing questions regarding the systematics of Campanula (Campanulaceae).Yet,aspectsoftheevolutionaryhistory,particularlyinnorthwesternNorthAmerica,remainunresolved. Thus,ourprimarygoalinthisstudywastoinferthephylogeneticpositionsofnorthwesternCampanulaspecieswithinthe greaterCampanuloideaetree.Wecombinednewsequencedatafrom5markers(atpB,rbcL,matK,andtrnL-Fregionsofthe chloroplastandthenuclearITS)representing12speciesofCampanulawithpreviouslypublisheddatasetsforworldwide campanuloids,allowingustoincludeapproximately75%ofNorthAmericanCampanuleaeinaphylogeneticanalysisofthe Campanuloideae. Because all but one of North American Campanula species are nested within a single campanuloid subclade(theRapunculusclade),weconductedaseparatesetofanalysesfocusedspecificallyonthisgroup.Ourfindings showthati)thecampanuloidshavecolonizedNorthAmericaatleast6times,4ofwhichledtoradiations,ii)allbutone NorthAmericancampanuloidarenestedwithinthe Rapunculusclade,iii)innorthwesternNorthAmerica,aC.piperi–C. lasiocarpaancestorgaverisetoamonophyleticCordillerancladethatissistertoacladecontainingC.rotundifolia,iv)within theCordilleranclade,C.parryivar.parryiandC.parryivar.idahoensisexhibitadeep,species-levelgeneticdivergence,andv) C.rotundifoliaisgeneticallydiverseacrossitsrangeandpolyphyletic.Potentialcausesofdiversificationandendemismin northwesternNorthAmericaarediscussed. Citation:WendlingBM,GalbreathKE,DeChaineEG(2011)ResolvingtheEvolutionaryHistoryofCampanula(Campanulaceae)inWesternNorthAmerica.PLoS ONE6(9):e23559.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023559 Editor:MichaelKnapp,UniversityofOtago,NewZealand ReceivedMay5,2011;AcceptedJuly20,2011;PublishedSeptember9,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Wendling et al. This is an ope