Craniometric Data Supports Demic Diffusion Model for the Spread of Agriculture into Europe 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Craniometric Data Supports Demic Diffusion Model for the Spread of Agriculture into Europe 英文参考文献.doc

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Craniometric Data Supports Demic Diffusion Model for the Spread of Agriculture into Europe 英文参考文献

CraniometricDataSupportsDemicDiffusionModelfor theSpreadofAgricultureintoEurope RonPinhasi1*,NoreenvonCramon-Taubadel2 1DepartmentofArchaeology,UniversityCollegeCork,Cork,Ireland,2DepartmentofAnthropology,UniversityofKent,Canterbury,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background:ThespreadofagricultureintoEuropeandtheancestryofthefirstEuropeanfarmershavebeensubjectsof debate and controversy among geneticists, archaeologists, linguists and anthropologists. Debates have centred on the extenttowhichthetransitionwasassociatedwiththeactivemigrationofpeopleasopposedtothediffusionofcultural practices.Recentstudieshaveshownthatpatternsofhumancranialshapevariationcanbeemployedasareliableproxyfor theneutralgeneticrelationshipsofhumanpopulations. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Here,weemploymeasurementsofMesolithic(hunter-gatherers)andNeolithic(farmers) crania from Southwest Asia and Europe to test several alternative population dispersal and hunter-farmer gene-flow models.Webaseouralternativehypotheticalmodelsonanullevolutionarymodelofisolation-by-geographicandtemporal distance. Partial Mantel tests were used to assess the congruence between craniometric distance and each of the geographicmodelmatrices,whilecontrollingfortemporaldistance.Ourresultsdemonstratethatthecraniometricdatafita modelofcontinuousdispersalofpeople(andtheirgenes)fromSouthwestAsiatoEuropesignificantlybetterthananull modelofculturaldiffusion. Conclusions/Significance:Therefore,thisstudydoesnotsupporttheassertionthatfarminginEuropesolelyinvolvedthe adoptionoftechnologiesandideasfromSouthwestAsiabyindigenousMesolithichunter-gatherers.Moreover,theresults highlighttheutilityofcraniometricdataforassessingpatternsofpastpopulationdispersalandgeneflow. Citation:PinhasiR,vonCramon-TaubadelN(2009)CraniometricDataSupportsDemicDiffusionModelfortheSpreadofAgricultureintoEurope.PLoSONE4(8): e6747.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006747 Editor:JohnRelethford,StateUniversityofNewYorkCollegeatOneonta,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedJune3,2009;Ac