Scrambling Eggs in Plastic Bottles 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Scrambling Eggs in Plastic Bottles 英文参考文献.doc

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Scrambling Eggs in Plastic Bottles 英文参考文献

Editorial ScramblingEggsinPlasticBottles R.Scott Hawley*,Dorothy Warburton T hisissueofPLoSGenetics containsthesecondoftwo importantpapersdescribing thehighlevelsofmeioticfailurecaused byexposureoffemalemicetoa Mammalianoocytesentermeiotic prophaseinthefetalovary,where synapsisandrecombinationoccur. Alterationinthenumberor distributionofrecombinationsitesis well-knowntoplayamajorroleinthe originofmeioticaneuploidy,especially inyoungermothers.Thus,the?ndings inmicethatBPAinterfereswiththese processesraisethedisturbing possibilitythattheexposureofwomen toBPAtodaymightnotbemanifestfor anothergeneration.Itisreasonableto askwhetherthepotentialrisksof ubiquitousexposuretoBPAare suf?cienttowarranttheregulationof humanexposureoratleasttocallfor well-designedhumanstudies. chemicalknownasBisphenolA(BPA) [1].Inthe?rstarticle[2],PatHuntand hercollaboratorsdemonstratedhigh levelsofmeioticfailureinfemales exposedtoBPA,suggestingthatBPA exposureaffectsmaturingoocytes.This conclusionhasbeenrecently buttressedbyaninvitrostudybyCan etal.[3]thatdemonstratesmicrotubule andcentrosomechangesinmouseeggs exposedtoBPA,leadingtoanincrease inaneuploidy.Thenewstudytakesthis matteralarminglyfurtherby doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030006.g002 StudiesofBPAExposureinMiceYieldKey InformationaboutItsPotentialEffectson Meiosis demonstratinghighlevelsofmeiotic disruption,includingperturbed synapsisandagreatlyaltered Answeringthisquestionisnotgoing tobeeasyforseveralreasons.First, whenitcomestoreproducing,we humansareterriblyinef?cient.Noless than15%–20%ofhumanconceptions endinmiscarriage,andanastonishing 50%ofthesearechromosomally abnormal.(Comparethistothe commonfruit?y,whoseeggsare chromosomallynormalinmorethan 99.9%ofcases.)Againstthatsortof backgroundofmeioticfailure,itmay bedif?cultindeedtoidentifyany environmentalcomponentthat in?uencestherateofnondisjunction. Anothercomplicationisthatmost chromosomallyabnormalconceptions arelostbeforebirth,sothatstudiesof livebirthsprovideaninfrequentand nonrepr