Scheduled Daily Mating Induces Circadian Anticipatory Activity Rhythms in the Male Rat 英文参考文献.docVIP

ScheduledDailyMatingInducesCircadianAnticipatory ActivityRhythmsintheMaleRat GlennJ.Landry,HannaOpiol,ElliottG.Marchant,IlyaPavlovski,RhiannonJ.Mear,DwayneK.Hamson, RalphE.Mistlberger* DepartmentofPsychology,SimonFraserUniversity,Burnaby,BritishColumbia,Canada Abstract Daily schedules of limited access to food, palatable high calorie snacks, water and salt can induce circadian rhythms of anticipatorylocomotoractivityinratsandmice.Allofthesestimuliarerewarding,butwhetheranticipationcanbeinduced by neural correlates of reward independent of metabolic perturbations associated with manipulations of food and hydration is unclear. Three experiments were conducted to determine whether mating, a non-ingestive behavior that is potently rewarding, can induce circadian anticipatory activity rhythms in male rats provided scheduled daily access to steroid-primedestrousfemalerats.InExperiment1,ratsanticipatedaccesstoestrousfemalesinthemid-lightperiod,but also exhibited post-coital eating and running. In Experiment 2, post-coital eating and running were prevented and only aminority of ratsexhibited anticipation. Rats allowed tosee and smell estrous females showedno anticipation. Inboth experiments,allratsexhibitedsustainedbehavioralarousalandmultiplemountsandintromissionsduringeverysession, butejaculatedonlyevery2–3days.InExperiment3,theratsweregivenmoretimewithindividualfemales,lateatnightfor 28days,andtheninthemiddayfor28days.Ejaculationratesincreasedandanticipationwasrobusttonightsessionsand significant although weaker to day sessions. The anticipation rhythm persisted during 3 days of constant dark without mating.Duringanticipationofnocturnalmating,theratsexhibitedasignificantpreferenceforatubetothematingcage over a tube to a locked cage with mating cage litter. This apparent place preference was absent during anticipation of midday mating, which may reflect a daily rhythm of sexual reward. The results establish mating as a reward stimulus capable of inducing circadian rhyth