Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Biomedicial Applications 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 11736-11751; doi:10.3390/s111211736 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Biomedicial Applications Lijia Shao, Yanfang Gao and Feng Yan * Jiangsu Affiliated Cancer Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Prevention and Cure, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: jia1987_2005@163.com (L.S.); gyfg05@ (Y.G.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: yanfeng2007@; Tel.: +86-25-8328-3401; Fax: +86-25-8328-3480. Received: 2 November 2011; in revised form: 6 December 2011 / Accepted: 13 December 2011 / Published: 16 December 2011 Abstract: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are nanometre-scale crystals, which have unique photophysical properties, such as size-dependent optical properties, high fluorescence quantum yields, and excellent stability against photobleaching. These properties enable QDs as the promising optical labels for the biological applications, such as multiplexed analysis of immunocomplexes or DNA hybridization processes, cell sorting and tracing, in vivo imaging and diagnostics in biomedicine. Meanwhile, QDs can be used as labels for the electrochemical detection of DNA or proteins. This article reviews the synthesis and toxicity of QDs and their optical and electrochemical bioanalytical applications. Especially the application of QDs in biomedicine such as delivering, cell targeting and imaging for cancer research, and in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer are briefly discussed. Keywords: quantum dots; bioanalysis; toxicology delivery; photodynamic therapy; cell imaging 1. Introduction Quantum dots (QDs) as colloidal nanocrystalline semiconductors have unique photophysical properties due to quantum confinement effects. They emit different wavelengths over a broad range of the light spectrum from visible to infrared, depending on their sizes and chemical co