Septation of Infectious Hyphae Is Critical for Appressoria Formation and Virulence in the Smut Fungus Ustilago Maydis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Septation of Infectious Hyphae Is Critical for Appressoria Formation and Virulence in the Smut Fungus Ustilago Maydis 英文参考文献.doc

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Septation of Infectious Hyphae Is Critical for Appressoria Formation and Virulence in the Smut Fungus Ustilago Maydis 英文参考文献

SeptationofInfectiousHyphaeIsCriticalforAppressoria FormationandVirulenceintheSmutFungusUstilago Maydis JohannesFreitag1.,DanielLanver2.,ChristianBo¨hmer1,KayOliverSchink1,3,MichaelBo¨lker1,Bjo¨rn Sandrock1* 1Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany, 2Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Organismic Interactions, Marburg,Germany,3DepartmentofBiochemistry,InstituteforCancerResearch,TheNorwegianRadiumHospital,Oslo,Norway Abstract Differentiation of hyphae into specialized infection structures, known as appressoria, is a common feature of plant pathogenic fungi that penetrate the plant cuticle. Appressorium formation in U. maydis is triggered by environmental signalsbutthemolecularmechanismofthishyphaldifferentiationislargelyunknown.Infectioushyphaegrowontheleaf surfacebyinsertingregularlyspacedretractionseptaatthedistalendofthetipcellleavingemptysectionsofcollapsed hyphaebehind.HereweshowthatformationofretractionseptaiscriticalforappressoriumformationandvirulenceinU. maydis. We demonstrate that the diaphanous-related formin Drf1 is necessary for actomyosin ring formation during septation of infectious hyphae. Drf1 acts as an effector of a Cdc42 GTPase signaling module, which also consists of the Cdc42-specific guaninenucleotideexchange factor Don1andtheSte20-like kinaseDon3. Deletionof drf1, don1 ordon3 abolishedformationofretractionseptaresultinginreducedvirulence.Appressoriumformationinthesemutantswasnot completelyblockedbutinfectionstructureswerefoundonlyatthetipofshortfilamentsindicatingthatretractionseptaare necessaryforappressoriumformationinextendedinfectioushyphae.Inaddition,appressoriaofdrf1mutantspenetrated theplanttissuelessfrequently. Citation:FreitagJ,LanverD,Bo¨hmerC,SchinkKO,Bo¨lkerM,etal.(2011)SeptationofInfectiousHyphaeIsCriticalforAppressoriaFormationandVirulenceinthe SmutFungusUstilagoMaydis.PLoSPathog7(5):e1002044.doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002044 Editor:BrettTyler,VirginiaPolytechnicInstitute