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Sexual Development in Plasmodium Lessons from Functional Analyses 英文参考文献
Pearls
SexualDevelopmentinPlasmodium:Lessonsfrom
FunctionalAnalyses
DavidS.Guttery1,AnthonyA.Holder2,RitaTewari1*
1CentreforGeneticsandGenomics,SchoolofBiology,QueensMedicalCentre,UniversityofNottingham,Nottingham,UnitedKingdom,2DivisionofParasitology,MRC
NationalInstituteforMedicalResearch,MillHill,London,UnitedKingdom
Malaria is a devastating global disease with several hundred
million clinical cases and just under 1 million deaths each year
(/topics/malaria/).Itiscausedbyprotozoan
parasitesofthegenusPlasmodium,whichhaveacomplexlifecycle
inavertebratehostandamosquitovector.Malariaparasitesare
haploid throughout most of this life cycle, replicating by asexual
multiplication twice in a mammalian host: in liver hepatocytes
(pre-erythrocytic schizogony) and within red blood cells (blood
stage schizogony), and once in the mosquito (sporogony). The
essentialsexualstageoccursatthetransmissionfromvertebrateto
insect.Someasexualbloodstageparasitesdevelopintoeithermale
or female gametocytes (the precursor sex cells) and following
ingestion in a mosquito blood meal differentiate further into
gametes in the lumen of the mosquito’s gut, where fertilization
takes place. The core processes of gametocytogenesis, gamete
activation, exflagellation, fertilization, and zygote formation are
conservedacrossthespeciesfromthehumanparasitePlasmodium
falciparum to the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei, which is an
attractivelaboratorymodel,inpartbecauseofitseaseofgenetic
manipulation and the shorter time for the maturation and
differentiation of the sexual stages. Here, we focus largely on
disruption studies of other putative gametocyte developmental
markers in P. falciparum (the most important cause of human
malaria) include gene implicated in gametocytogenesis (pfgig ) (deletion
resulted in reduced gametocyte production) and male development
gene 1 (pfmdv-1) (deletion resulted in reduced gametocyte produc-
tionanddefectsinmalegameteexflagellation)(asreviewedin[5]).
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