Sexual Inequality in Tuberculosis 英文参考文献.docVIP

ResearchinTranslation SexualInequalityinTuberculosis OlivierNeyrolles1,2*,LluisQuintana-Murci3 1CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,InstitutdePharmacologieetdeBiologieStructurale,Toulouse,France,2Universite′ deToulouse,Universite′ PaulSabatier, InstitutdePharmacologieetdeBiologieStructurale,Toulouse,France,3InstitutPasteur,HumanEvolutionaryGenetics,CNRS,URA3012,Paris,France TheSexBiasinTBCasesMayBe ofBiologicalSignificance SummaryPoints N Tuberculosis (TB) claims over 1.7 In most countries, tuberculosis (TB) notification is twice as high in men as in women. million lives throughout the world each year according to the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) report [1]. Men seem to be more affected than women, with a male/female ratio of 1.960.6 for the worldwide case notifica- tion rate (Box 1; Figure 1) [1]. In some countries this ratio may reach values as highas3(4.7inArmeniaforinstance),but ratios below 1 are extremely rare and mostly correspond to very small popula- tions of patients [1]. This excess of male pulmonaryTBcasesisseeninallregions of the world, and in almost all countries (Figure 2A), at least in non–HIV-infected patients.Itisalsoseeninadultsofallages, butdoesnotseemtoapplytochildrenand youngadolescents(Figure2B). N Although there is clear evidence that socioeconomic and cultural factors leading to barriers in accessing health care may cause undernotification in women, particularly in developing countries, biological mechanisms may actually account for a significant part of this difference between male and femalesusceptibilitytoTB. N N The role of biological genderhas beendetermined in anumberof infectious andnoninfectiousdiseases.However,thereisanabsenceofinformationonthe roleofbiologicalgenderinTB. Thus, investigations should be conducted to clearly understand the role of sexualhormones,sex-relatedgeneticbackgroundandgeneticregulations,and metabolism, among other factors, in susceptibility differences between men andwomen. N Th