Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2011, 16, 8894-8918; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents Stefania Galdiero 2,3,4, Annarita Falanga 2, Mariateresa Vitiello 1, Marco Cantisani 2, Veronica Marra 1 and Massimiliano Galdiero 1,3,* 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: mteresa.vitiello@unina2.it (M.V.); veronica_marra@hotmail.it (V.M.) 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: sgaldier@unina.it (S.G.); annarita.falanga@unina.it (A.F.); marco.cantisani@unina.it (M.C.) 3 CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences, - Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy 4 IBB CNR, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: massimilianogaldiero@unina2.it; Tel.: +39-081-5667646. Received: 1 September 2011; in revised form: 30 September 2011 / Accepted: 19 October 2011 / Published: 24 October 2011 Abstract: Virus infections pose significant global health challenges, especially in view of the fact that the emergence of resistant viral strains and the adverse side effects associated with prolonged use continue to slow down the application of effective antiviral therapies. This makes imperative the need for the development of safe and potent alternatives to conventional antiviral drugs. In the present scenario, nanoscale materials have emerged as novel antiviral agents for the possibilities offered by their unique chemical and physical properties. Silver nanoparticles have mainly been studied for their antimicrobial potential against bacteria, but have also proven to be active against several types of viruses including human imunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and monkey pox virus. The use of