Slowness and Sparseness Lead to Place, Head-Direction, and Spatial-View Cells 英文参考文献.docVIP

SlownessandSparsenessLeadtoPlace, Head-Direction,andSpatial-ViewCells Mathias Franzius*,Henning Sprekeler, Laurenz Wiskott InstituteforTheoreticalBiology,Humboldt-Universita¨t zuBerlin,Berlin,Germany Wepresentamodelfortheself-organizedformationofplacecells,head-directioncells,andspatial-viewcellsinthe hippocampal formation based on unsupervised learning on quasi-natural visual stimuli. The model comprises a hierarchyofSlowFeatureAnalysis(SFA)nodes,whichwererecentlyshowntoreproducemanypropertiesofcomplex cells in the early visual system [1]. The system extracts a distributed grid-like representation of position and orientation,whichistranscodedintoalocalizedplace-field,head-direction,orviewrepresentation,bysparsecoding. The type of cells that develops depends solely on the relevant input statistics, i.e., the movement pattern of the simulated animal. The numerical simulations are complemented by a mathematical analysis that allows us to accuratelypredicttheoutputofthetopSFAlayer. Citation:FranziusM,SprekelerH,WiskottL(2007)Slownessandsparsenessleadtoplace,head-direction,andspatial-viewcells.PLoSComputBiol3(8):e166.doi:10.1371/ journal.pcbi.0030166 superordinatetermforplacecells,gridcells,head-direction cells, and spatial-view cells. While the precise role of these Introduction The brain needs toextract behaviorally relevant informa- tionfromsensoryinputsinordertosuccessfullyinteractwith theenvironment.Positionandheaddirectionofananimalin thespacesurroundingitispartofthisrelevantinformation. Neuralrepresentationsofarodent’sspatialposition—termed place cells—were found more than 35 years ago in hippo- campal areas CA1 and CA3 [2], correlates of head orienta- tion—termed head-direction cells—were found twenty years later[3],andrecentlynonlocalizedrepresentations—termed grid cells—were found in entorhinal cortex (EC) of rats [4]. Primates possibly also have place cells, certainly head- direction cells, and also spatial-view cells that do not encode the animal’s own