Species Delimitation in the Continental Forms of the Genus Epicrates (Serpentes, Boidae) Integrating Phylogenetics and Environmental Niche Models 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Species Delimitation in the Continental Forms of the Genus Epicrates (Serpentes, Boidae) Integrating Phylogenetics and Environmental Niche Models 英文参考文献.doc

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Species Delimitation in the Continental Forms of the Genus Epicrates (Serpentes, Boidae) Integrating Phylogenetics and Environmental Niche Models 英文参考文献

SpeciesDelimitationintheContinentalFormsofthe GenusEpicrates(Serpentes,Boidae)Integrating PhylogeneticsandEnvironmentalNicheModels PaulaC.Rivera1,2*,ValeriaDiCola1,JuanJ.Mart?′nez2,CristinaN.Gardenal2,MargaritaChiaraviglio1 1Laboratorio deBiolog?′adel Comportamiento, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, F?′sicas yNaturales, Universidad Nacionalde Co′rdoba,Co′rdoba, Argentina, 2Ca′tedra de Gene′ticadePoblacionesyEvolucio′n,FacultaddeCienciasExactas,F?′sicasyNaturales,UniversidadNacionaldeCo′rdoba,Co′rdoba,Argentina Abstract Untilrecently,thegenusEpicrates(Boidae)presentedonlyonecontinentalspecies,Epicratescenchria,distributedinCentral andSouthAmerica,butafterataxonomicrevisionusingmorphologiccharactersfivespecieswererecognized:E.cenchria,E. crassus, E. maurus, E. assisi, and E. alvarezi. We analyzed two independent data sets, environmental niche models and phylogenybased onmolecularinformation, toexplorespeciesdelimitationinthecontinentalspecies ofthisgenus.Our results indicated that the environmental requirements of the species are different; therefore there are not evidences of ecological interchangeability among them. There is a clear correlation between species distributions and the major biogeographic regions of Central and South America. Their overall distribution reveals that allopatry or parapatry is the general pattern. These evidences suggest that habitat isolation prevents or limits gene exchange among them. The phylogeneticreconstructionshowedthatthecontinentalEpicratesaremonophyletic,beingE.alvarezithesisterspeciesfor theremainingtwoclades:E.crassus-E.assisi,andE.maurus-E.cenchria.ThecladegroupingthecontinentalEpicratesisthe sistertaxonofthegenusEunectesandnotoftheCaribbeanEpicratesclade,indicatingthatthegenusisparaphyletic.There isanon-consistentpatterninnicheevolutionamongcontinental Epicrates.Onthecontrary,ahighvariationandabrupt shifts in environmental variables are shown when ancestral character states were reconstructed on the sequence-based t