Surveying genome replication 英文参考文献.docVIP

/2002/3/6/reviews/1016.1 Minireview Surveying genome replication Stephen Kearsey Address: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. E-mail: stephen.kearsey@zoo.ox.ac.uk Published: 24 May 2002 GenomeBiology 2002, 3(6):reviews1016.1–1016.4 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at /2002/3/6/reviews/1016 ? BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1465-6906; Online ISSN 1465-6914) Abstract Two recent studies have added microarrays to the toolkit used to analyze the origins of replication in yeast chromosomes, providing a fuller picture of how genomic DNA replication is organized. Eukaryotes differ fundamentally from prokaryotes in the chromosomal organization of the sites at which DNA replication is initiated. In Escherichia coli, for instance, two replication forks originating from a single origin of replication are responsible for replicating the entire genome, whereas the replication of eukaryotic chromosomes during S phase of the cell cycle starts from many origins. Increasing the number of origins allows DNA polymerases to work at many sites simultaneously, speeding up replication, and this was presumably a prerequisite for the evolution of large genomes. Working out how origins are distributed in eukaryotic chromosomes is therefore addressing a fundamental question about replication. Origins have been most extensively studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where they consist of short sequences (less than 100-150 base-pairs). Although budding yeast origins share some consensus sequence similarities, genetic and biochemical assays are required to map them precisely. Over the years, detailed work has systematically mapped the origins on two yeast chromosomes [1-3], but two recent papers [4,5] have used microarray technology to provide a whole-genome view of ho