Towards Sea Ice Remote Sensing with Space Detected GPS Signals Demonstration of Technical Feasibility and Initial Consistency Check Using Low Resolution Sea Ice Information 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Towards Sea Ice Remote Sensing with Space Detected GPS Signals Demonstration of Technical Feasibility and Initial Consistency Check Using Low Resolution Sea Ice Information 英文参考文献.doc

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Towards Sea Ice Remote Sensing with Space Detected GPS Signals Demonstration of Technical Feasibility and Initial Consistency Check Using Low Resolution Sea Ice Information 英文参考文献

RemoteSens.2010,2,2017-2039;doi:10.3390/rs2082017 OPENACCESS RemoteSensing ISSN2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article TowardsSeaIceRemoteSensingwithSpaceDetectedGPS Signals:DemonstrationofTechnicalFeasibilityandInitial ConsistencyCheckUsingLowResolutionSeaIceInformation ScottGleason DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,ConcordiaUniversity,1455deMaisonnueve West,EV005.139,MontrealH3GIM8,QC,Canada;E-Mail:scott@encs.concordia.ca Received:30June2010;inrevisedform:11August2010/Accepted:11August2010/ Published:25August2010 Abstract: This paper presents two space detected Global Positioning System (GPS) signals re?ected off sea ice and compares the returned power pro?les with independent estimatesoficeconcentrationprovidedbytheAdvancedMicrowaveScanningRadiometer (AMSR-E)andseaicechartsfromtheNationalIceCenter.Theresultsoftheanalysisshow signi?cantlydifferentsignalsreceivedforeachoftheGPSre?ections.Forthe?rstcollection, comparisonswithiceconcentrationestimatesfromAMSR-EandtheNationalIceCenters revealaverystrongGPSsignalreturnoffhighconcentrationseaice. ThesecondGPSdata collectionoccursoveraregionofchangingseaiceconcentration,andtheGPSsignallevel respondsatroughlythesamepointthattheAMSR-EdataandNationalIceCentercharts indicate a change in ice concentration. However, the very strong signal of the ?rst GPS collectionisnotconsistentinmagnitudewithsimilariceconcentrationsduringthesecond GPSdatacollection.Thisdemonstrationshowsthepotentialandthedif?cultiesofthisnew technique as a valuable low-cost compliment to existing sea ice monitoring instruments. Additionally,ageneralmethodforcalculatingthelocationofthespecularre?ectionpointon theEarth’ssurfaceandthereceivedDopplerfrequenciesandcodephasedelaysispresented aspartofanon-boardopen-loopsignaltrackingtechnique. Keywords:icesensing;seaice;iceconcentration;GPS;GNSS;GNSS-R;bistaticradar RemoteSens.2010,2 2018 1. Introduction UnderstandingglobalclimatechangerequiresreliableinformationontheEarth’scryosphere. Th