Transcriptional profiling of the nucleus pulposus say yes to notochord 英文参考文献.docVIP

Shapiro and Risbud Arthritis Research Therapy 2010,12:117 /content/12/3/117 EDITORIAL Transcriptional pro? ling of the nucleus pulposus: say yes to notochord Irving M Shapiro* and Makarand V Risbud* See related research by Minogue et al., /content/12/1/R22 that are non-notochordal in orig e focus of this Abstract editorial is to address these long-standing arguments in the light of the pro? ling studies and work of other investigators. Minogue and colleagues [1] report the identi? cation of a number of marker genes that distinguish nucleus pulposus cells from those of the annulus ? brosus This editorial addresses the debate concerning the origin of adult nucleus pulposus cells in the light of pro?ling studies by Minogue and colleagues. In their report of several marker genes that distinguish nucleus pulposus cells from other related cell types, the authors provide novel insights into the notochordal nature of the former. Together with recently published work, their work lends support to the view that all cells present within the nucleus pulposus are derived from the notochord. Hence, the choice of an animal model for disc research should be based on considerations other than the cell loss and replacement by non- notochordal cells. cells and cartilage (chondrocyte e authors document di? erential expression of 49 disc-speci? c and 34 nucleus pulposus-speci? c genes. e presence of a number of these genes provides a new understanding of the origin of the nucleus pulposus in relationship to the notochord. Notochordal cells have been reported to be present in the nucleus pulposus in young animals, including humans [2,4]. It has also been proposed that most of these cells gradually disappear during aging [2,4] and are replaced by endplate chondrocytes or inner annulus ? brosus cells [5]. In humans, notochordal cells are rarely observed after the age of puberty [4], although a few studies allude Despite m