Traditional agroecosystems as conservatories and incubators of cultivated plant varietal diversity the case of fig (Ficus carica L.) in Morocco 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Traditional agroecosystems as conservatories and incubators of cultivated plant varietal diversity the case of fig (Ficus carica L.) in Morocco 英文参考文献.doc

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Traditional agroecosystems as conservatories and incubators of cultivated plant varietal diversity the case of fig (Ficus carica L.) in Morocco 英文参考文献

Achtaketal.BMCPlantBiology2010,10:28 /1471-2229/10/28 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Traditionalagroecosystemsasconservatoriesand incubatorsofcultivatedplantvarietaldiversity: thecaseoffig(FicuscaricaL.)inMorocco HafidAchtak1,2,3,MohammedAter3,AhmedOukabli4,SylvainSantoni5,FinnKjellberg6,BouchaibKhadari1,7* Abstract Background:Traditionalagroecosystemsareknowntohostbothlargecropspeciesdiversityandhighwithincrop geneticdiversity.Inacontextofglobalchange,thisdiversitymaybeneededtofeedtheworld.Arethese agroecosystemsmuseums(i.e.largecorecollections)orcradlesofdiversity?Weinvestigatedthisquestionfora clonallypropagatedplant,fig(Ficuscarica),withinitsnativerange,inMorocco,butasfarawayaspossiblefrom supposedcentersofdomestication. Results:Figvarietieswerelocallynumerous.Theywerefoundtobemainlyhighlylocalandcorrespondedto clonespropagatedvegetatively.Neverthelessthesecloneswereoftensufficientlyoldtohaveaccumulatedsomatic mutationsforselectedtraits(figskincolor)andatneutralloci(microsatellitemarkers).Furtherthepatternofspatial geneticstructurewassimilartothepatternexpectedinnaturalpopulationforamutation/drift/migrationmodelat equilibrium,withhomogeneouslevelsoflocalgeneticdiversitythroughoutMoroccantraditionalagroecosystems. Conclusions:Weconcludethattraditionalagroecosystemsconstitueactiveincubatorsofvarietaldiversityevenfor clonallypropagatedcropspecies,andevenwhenvarietiescorrespondtoclonesthatareoftenold.Asonlyfemale figiscultivated,wildfigandcultivatedfigprobablyconstituteasingleevolutionaryunitwithinthesetraditional agroecosystems.Corecollections,howeveruseful,aremuseumsandhencecannotservethesamefunctionsas traditionalagroecosystems. Background diversity ofcropspecies, 2)theuseofdiversified tradi- Highyield agriculture basedonelite cropvarieties and tionalvarieties,3)sustainableagriculture,4)lowinputs high inputs results in loss of both numbers of crop associated withtraditional farmingpractices and5)the plantsandgeneticresourceswithincrops,thusthreaten- farm