Trade related infections farther, faster, quieter 英文参考文献.docVIP

Globalization and Health BioMedCentral Review Open Access Trade related infections: farther, faster, quieter Ann Marie Kimball*1,2, Yuzo Arima1 and Jill R Hodges2 Address: 1Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA and 2Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Email: Ann Marie Kimball* - akimball@; Yuzo Arima - yuzoa@; Jill R Hodges - jrhodges@ * Corresponding author Published: 22 April 2005 Received: 28 November 2004 Accepted: 22 April 2005 Globalization and Health 2005, 1:3 doi:10.1186/1744-8603-1-3 This article is available from: /content/1/1/3 ? 2005 Kimball et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Modern global trading traffics large volumes of diverse products rapidly to a broad geographic area of the world. When emergent infections enter this system in traded products their transmission is amplified. With truly novel emergent infections with long incubation periods, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or variant Creutzfeld Jacob Disease (vCJD), this transmission may silently disseminate infection to far distant populations prior to detection. We describe the chronology of two such stealth infections, vCJD and HIV, and the production, processing, and distribution changes that coincided with their emergence. The concept of vector products is introduced. A brief case study of HIV incursion in Japan is presented in illustration. Careful multisectoral analysis of such events can suggest ecologically critical pathways of emergence for further research. Such analyses emphasize the urgency of implementing safety measures when pathogens enter globally traded products. Review Introduction the term here with