Transformation of Geniposide into Genipin by Immobilized β-Glucosidase in a Two-Phase Aqueous-Organic System 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2011, 16, 4295-4304; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Article Transformation of Geniposide into Genipin by Immobilized β-Glucosidase in a Two-Phase Aqueous-Organic System Yi-Shun Yang 1,2, Tong Zhang 1,*, Shai-Cheng Yu 2, Yue Ding 1, Li-Ying Zhang 1, Chen Qiu 2 and Duo Jin 2 1 Experiment Center of Teaching Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Mail: becky105@163.com (Y.-S.Y.) 2 College of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; E-Mail: scyu@ (S.-C.Y.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: zhangtdmj@; Tel.: +86 21 5132 2318; Fax: +86 21 5132 2332. Received: 15 February 2011; in revised form: 3 May 2011 / Accepted: 13 May 2011 / Published: 24 May 2011 Abstract: Genipin is the bioactive compound of geniposide and a natural cross-linking agent. In order to improve the preparation process of genipin, the hydrolysis of geniposide to genipin by immobilized β-glucosidase in an aqueous-organic two-phase system was studied. β-Glucosidase was immobilized by the crosslinking-embedding method using sodium alginate as the carrier. The optimum reaction temperature, pH value and time were 55 °C, 4.5 and 2.5 h, respectively. To reduce genipin hydrolysis and byproduct production the reaction was carried out in an aqueous-organic two-phase system comprising ethyl acetate and sodium acetate buffer. The product was analyzed by HPLC, UV, IR, and NMR. The yield of genipin was 47.81% and its purity was over 98% (HPLC). Keywords: immobilized β-glucosidase; geniposide; genipin; aqueous-organic two-phase system 1. Introduction Fructus Gardeniae is the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae). It is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine because of its cholagogue, sedative, diuretic, anti-inflammatory,  Molecules 2011,