Transpersonal Psychology Mapping Spiritual Experience 英文参考文献.docVIP

Religions 2011, 2, 649-658; doi:10.3390/rel2040649 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 /journal/religions Article Transpersonal Psychology: Mapping Spiritual Experience Dwight Judy Professor of Spiritual Formation, Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, 2121 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60201, USA; E-Mail: Dwight.Judy@; Tel.: +1-547-457-6119; Fax: +1-847-866-3957 Received: 1 October 2011 / Accepted: 16 November 2011 / Published: 22 November 2011 Abstract: The first Journal of Transpersonal Psychology was published in 1969. Since this signal event, transpersonal psychology has emerged as a field of theory and application. A way has been made in Western psychology for the appreciation and study of interior subjective awareness, the domain of spiritual experience. One of the most recent contributions, the Wilber-Combs Lattice, offers a typology to account for both developmental processes throughout the human life span, as well as different qualities of spiritual experience. Keywords: transpersonal psychology; subjective awareness; spiritual experience; Wilber- Combs Lattice 1. Introduction In the late 1960‘s, as Abraham Maslow, Huston Smith, Anthony Sutich, and others surveyed psychology as practiced in America (U.S.A.), they found that there was no place for discussion of interior states of awareness, of mystical experience, or of values and their impact on human activity. They felt a need to reclaim American psychology to these tasks through the naming of a new field, transpersonal psychology, and with the establishment of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, which was first published in 1969. In that era, American psychology had veered very far from its originating basis in the writings of William James, for whom the realm of subjective spiritual experience was a proper domain for psychological inquiry, and which he described in depth