Transcriptome mining, functional characterization, and phylogeny of a large terpene synthase gene family in spruce (Picea spp.) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Transcriptome mining, functional characterization, and phylogeny of a large terpene synthase gene family in spruce (Picea spp.) 英文参考文献.doc

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Transcriptome mining, functional characterization, and phylogeny of a large terpene synthase gene family in spruce (Picea spp.) 英文参考文献

Keelingetal.BMCPlantBiology2011,11:43 /1471-2229/11/43 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Transcriptomemining,functionalcharacterization, andphylogenyofalargeterpenesynthasegene familyinspruce(Piceaspp.) ChristopherIKeeling1,SabrinaWeisshaar2,StevenGRalph3,SharonJancsik1,BrittaHamberger4,HarpreetKDullat1, J?rgBohlmann1* Abstract Background:Inconifers,terpenesynthases(TPSs)ofthegymnosperm-specificTPS-dsubfamilyformadiverse arrayofmono-,sesqui-,andditerpenoidcompounds,whicharecomponentsoftheoleoresinsecretionsand volatileemissions.Thesecompoundscontributetodefenceagainstherbivoresandpathogensandperhapsalso protectagainstabioticstress. Results:Theavailabilityofextensivetranscriptomeresourcesintheformofexpressedsequencetags(ESTs)and full-lengthcDNAsinseveralspruce(Picea)speciesallowedustoestimatethataconifergenomecontainsatleast 69uniqueandtranscriptionallyactiveTPSgenes.ThisnumberiscomparabletothenumberofTPSsfoundinany ofthesequencedandwell-annotatedangiospermgenomes.Wefunctionallycharacterizedatotalof21spruce TPSs:12fromSitkaspruce(P.sitchensis),5fromwhitespruce(P.glauca),and4fromhybridwhitespruce(P.glauca ×P.engelmannii),whichincluded15monoterpenesynthases,4sesquiterpenesynthases,and2diterpene synthases. Conclusions:ThefunctionaldiversityofthesecharacterizedTPSsparallelsthediversityofterpenoidsfoundinthe oleoresinandvolatileemissionsofSitkaspruceandprovidesacontextforunderstandingthischemicaldiversityat themolecularandmechanisticlevels.ThecomparativecharacterizationofSitkaspruceandNorwayspruce diterpenesynthasesrevealedthenaturaloccurrenceofTPSsequencevariantsbetweencloselyrelatedspruce species,confirmingapreviouspredictionfromsite-directedmutagenesisandmodelling. Background volatile emissions [2,3]. The diversity ofthe terpenoids Conifer trees (order Coniferales ; Gymnosperms) are in conifers suggests that, like in other plants [4], an extremelylong-livedplantsthatmustconfront amulti- arms race has unfolded in the interactions of conifers tudeofbioticandabioticstre