Translocation pathways for inhaled asbestos fibers 英文参考文献.docVIP

Environmental Health BioMedCentral Review Open Access Translocation pathways for inhaled asbestos fibers G Miserocchi*1, G Sancini1, F Mantegazza1 and Gerolamo Chiappino2 Address: 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20052, Monza, Italy and 2Clinic of Occupational Medicine and Research Centre of Inhaled Particles, University of Milano, Via San Barnaba, 8 – 20122 Milano, Italy Email: G Miserocchi* - giuseppe.miserocchi@unimib.it; G Sancini - giulio.sancini@unimib.it; F Mantegazza - francesco.mantegazza@unimib.it; Gerolamo Chiappino - fibre@unimi.it * Corresponding author Published: 24 January 2008 Received: 9 August 2007 Accepted: 24 January 2008 Environmental Health 2008, 7:4 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-4 This article is available from: /content/7/1/4 ? 2008 Miserocchi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract We discuss the translocation of inhaled asbestos fibers based on pulmonary and pleuro-pulmonary interstitial fluid dynamics. Fibers can pass the alveolar barrier and reach the lung interstitium via the paracellular route down a mass water flow due to combined osmotic (active Na+ absorption) and hydraulic (interstitial pressure is subatmospheric) pressure gradient. Fibers can be dragged from the lung interstitium by pulmonary lymph flow (primary translocation) wherefrom they can reach the blood stream and subsequently distribute to the whole body (secondary translocation). Primary translocation across the visceral pleura and towards pulmonary capillaries may also occur if the asbestos-induced lung inflammation increases pulmonary interstitial pressure so as to reverse the trans-mesothelial and trans-endothelial pressure gradients. Seconda